Publication: Semántica y diccionario histórico: la representación lexicográfica del adjetivo "inteligente"
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2017
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Universidad de Navarra
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Abstract
Como han puesto de manifiesto los estudios de semántica léxica, los significados de las palabras no son homogéneos. Desafortunadamente, la lexicografía tiende a obviar esta cuestión al recurrir a un molde bastante rígido de representación semántica basado en una fragmentación del significado en acepciones y, en algunos casos, acepciones y subacepciones. Tomando como ejemplo el adjetivo "inteligente" en español, mostramos que, si su definición en la mayoría de los diccionarios resulta insatisfactoria, ello se debe a que no se ha tenido suficientemente en cuenta la complejidad de su comportamiento sintáctico-semántico y su evolución histórica. Tras estudiar, pues, su comportamiento a lo largo de la historia, descubrimos importantes diferencias semánticas cualitativas que permiten agrupar y jerarquizar los significados del adjetivo de un modo más coherente. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos se plasman en una propuesta concreta de definición para un diccionario histórico.
Researches in Lexical Semantics have demonstrated that word meanings are not homogenous. Unfortunately, lexicographers usually omit this issue, as they make use of a rigid lexicographic shape based on the fragmentation of meaning in senses and, in some cases, senses and subsenses. Taking the Spanish adjective "inteligente" as an example, we show that its unsatisfactory semantic representation in most of the dictionaries is due to the fact that its syntactic-semantic behaviour and its historical evolution have not been suffi ciently taken into account. After analyzing the syntactic-semantic behaviour of this adjective throughout history, we find important qualitative semantic differences enabling a more coherent organization of its senses into a hierarchy. The results of our theoretical analysis are finally captured in a specific proposal for a definition of the adjective "inteligente" in a historical dictionary.
Researches in Lexical Semantics have demonstrated that word meanings are not homogenous. Unfortunately, lexicographers usually omit this issue, as they make use of a rigid lexicographic shape based on the fragmentation of meaning in senses and, in some cases, senses and subsenses. Taking the Spanish adjective "inteligente" as an example, we show that its unsatisfactory semantic representation in most of the dictionaries is due to the fact that its syntactic-semantic behaviour and its historical evolution have not been suffi ciently taken into account. After analyzing the syntactic-semantic behaviour of this adjective throughout history, we find important qualitative semantic differences enabling a more coherent organization of its senses into a hierarchy. The results of our theoretical analysis are finally captured in a specific proposal for a definition of the adjective "inteligente" in a historical dictionary.
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Lexicografía, Diccionario histórico, Semántica, Adjetivo, Definición, Lexicography, Historical dictionary, Semantics, Adjective, Definition
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Garcia Perez, R. (2017). Semántica y diccionario histórico: la representación lexicográfica del adjetivo "inteligente". Rilce. Revista de Filología Hispánica, 33(1), 188-206.