Publication: Análisis socio-ergonómico en la agricultura. Evaluación del sector oleico desde una perspectiva de género y envejecimiento
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2019-03
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Abstract
Este trabajo es un estudio de los factores de riesgo ergonómico-biomecánicos y, como enfoque principal, adopta un prisma de género y edad. Por ello, se ha utilizado un modelo multimétodo basado en el análisis cuantitativo (cuestionario) y cualitativo (empírico a través de observación de campo). Los resultados muestran la prevalencia de factores de riesgo relacionados con la existencia de una población cada vez más envejecida y feminizada, y con mayor índice de exposición a factores ergonómicos;biomecánicos debido al desarrollo de actividades derivadas del uso de herramientas manuales. Del análisis causa-efecto, se ha obtenido una revisión de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos ocupacionales (en adelante TMEO) más frecuentes y que posiblemente puedan llegar a producirse (tendinitis, lumbalgias, dolor muscular, entre otros) por el hecho de desarrollar actividades agrícolas, concretamente en el sector oleico. Como aplicabilidad directa del estudio, se propone el rediseño de las herramientas manuales (en el caso del subsector analizado: el vareador y el uso de tractor), el uso de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas (como los robots colaborativos), así como la realización de actividades orientadas a un envejecimiento saludable como medidas organizativas preventivas de los TMEO.
This work is a study of the ergonomic-biomechanical risk factors and, as a main focus, adopts a prism of gender and age. Therefore, a multi-method model based on quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (empirical through field observation) analysis has been used. The results indicate the prevalence of risk factors related to the existence of an increasingly aging and feminized population, and with a higher index of exposure to ergonomic-biomechanical factors due to the development of activities derived from the use of manual tools. From the cause-effect analysis, we have obtained a review of workrelated musculoeskeletal disorders (hereafter WRMSD) more frequent and that may possibly occur (tendinitis, low back pain, muscle pain, among others) due to the development of agricultural activities, specifically in the oleic sector. As a direct applicability of the study, the redesign of manual tools is proposed (in the case of the sub-sector analyzed: The olive harvester and the use of tractor), the use of new technological tools (such as collaborative robots), as well as carrying out activities oriented towards healthy aging as preventive organizational measures of WRMSD.
This work is a study of the ergonomic-biomechanical risk factors and, as a main focus, adopts a prism of gender and age. Therefore, a multi-method model based on quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (empirical through field observation) analysis has been used. The results indicate the prevalence of risk factors related to the existence of an increasingly aging and feminized population, and with a higher index of exposure to ergonomic-biomechanical factors due to the development of activities derived from the use of manual tools. From the cause-effect analysis, we have obtained a review of workrelated musculoeskeletal disorders (hereafter WRMSD) more frequent and that may possibly occur (tendinitis, low back pain, muscle pain, among others) due to the development of agricultural activities, specifically in the oleic sector. As a direct applicability of the study, the redesign of manual tools is proposed (in the case of the sub-sector analyzed: The olive harvester and the use of tractor), the use of new technological tools (such as collaborative robots), as well as carrying out activities oriented towards healthy aging as preventive organizational measures of WRMSD.
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Género, Envejecimiento, Agricultura, Factores de riesgo ocupacional, Ergonomía, Evaluación, Gender, Aging, Agriculture, Occupational Risk Factors, Ergonomics, Evaluation
Bibliographic citation
Zorrilla-Muñoz, V., Agulló-Tomás, M.S., García-Sedano, T. (2019). Análisis socio-ergonómico en la agricultura. Evaluación del sector oleico desde una perspectiva de género y envejecimiento. ITEA‑Información Técnica Económica Agraria, 115(1), pp. 83-104