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Virtual antenna array for reduced energy per bit transmission at Sub-5 GHz mobile wireless communication systems

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dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicacioneses
dc.affiliation.grupoinvUC3M. Grupo de Investigación: Comunicacioneses
dc.contributor.authorAlibakhshikenari, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorVirdee, Bal
dc.contributor.authorMariyanayagam, Dion
dc.contributor.authorZuazola, Ignacio Garcia
dc.contributor.authorBenetatos, Haralambos Harry
dc.contributor.authorAlthuwayb, Ayman A.
dc.contributor.authorAlali, Bader
dc.contributor.authorXu, Kai-Da
dc.contributor.authorFalcone, Francisco
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Commissionen
dc.contributor.funderAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)es
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-30T17:43:33Z
dc.date.available2023-11-30T17:43:33Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-15
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents an innovative technique to synthesize a virtual antenna array (VAA) that consumes less energy than conventional antenna arrays that are used in mobile communica-tions systems. We have shown that for a specific spectral efficiency a wireless system using the pro-posed virtual antenna array consumes significantly less energy per bit (-3 dB) than a wireless system using a conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array. This means the adop-tion of the proposed VAA technology in smartphones, iPad, Tablets and even base-stations should significantly reduce the carbon footprint of wireless systems. The proposed VAA is realized by employing a pair of linear antenna arrays that are placed in an orthogonal configuration relative to each other. This orthogonal arrangement ensures the radiation is circularly polarized. The size of the standard radiating elements constituting the VAA were miniaturized using the topology opti-mization method. The design of the VAA incorporates substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and metasurface technologies. The function of SIW in the design was twofold, namely, to reduce energy loss in the substrate on which the VAA is implemented, and secondly to mitigate unwanted electro-magnetic interactions between the neighboring radiating elements and thereby enhancing isolation which otherwise would degrade the radiation characteristics of the array. Metasurface technology served to effectively increase the effective aperture of the array with no impact on the footprint of the array. The consequence of SIW and metasurface technologies was improvement in the gain and radiation efficiency of the array. The proposed four orthogonal 4-element VAA covers the entire sub-5 GHz frequency range, and it radiates bidirectional in the azimuth plane and omnidirectional in the elevation plane. Moreover, it is relatively easy to design and fabricate. The proposed VAA has dimensions of 0.96k0 x 0.96k0 x 0.0016k0 at mid-band frequency of 3 GHz. VAA has a measured gain of 25 dBi and radiates with 90% efficiency. The average isolation between the linear arrays constituting the virtual array is better than 27 dB.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.801538. The authors also extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number 223202. Additionally, this work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR.es
dc.description.statusPublicadoes
dc.format.extent12
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationMohammad Alibakhshikenari, Bal Virdee, Dion Mariyanayagam, Ignacio Garcia Zuazola, Haralambos Harry Benetatos, Ayman A. Althuwayb, Bader Alali, Kai-Da Xu, Francisco Falcone. "Virtual antenna array for reduced energy per bit transmission at Sub-5 GHz mobile wireless communication systems". Alexandria Engineering Journal, 71 (2023) 439-450 (12p.). doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.056en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.056
dc.identifier.issn1110-0168
dc.identifier.publicationfirstpage439
dc.identifier.publicationissueMAYen
dc.identifier.publicationlastpage450
dc.identifier.publicationtitleAlexandria Engineering Journalen
dc.identifier.publicationvolume71
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10016/39013
dc.identifier.uxxiAR/0000033558
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherElsevier BVen
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/801538en
dc.relation.projectIDGobierno de España.PID2021-127409OB-C31es
dc.rights© 2023 The Authors.en
dc.rightsThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND licenseen
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España*
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accessen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/*
dc.subject.ecienciaTelecomunicacioneses
dc.subject.otherAntennasen
dc.subject.otherBeamformingen
dc.subject.otherLow Energy Consumptionen
dc.subject.otherMetasurface (Mts)en
dc.subject.otherMicrostrip Integrated Circuitsen
dc.subject.otherMobile Handsetsen
dc.subject.otherMultiple-Input Multiple-Output (Mimo)en
dc.subject.otherPhased Arraysen
dc.subject.otherSub-5 Ghzen
dc.subject.otherSubstrate Integrated Waveguide (Siw)en
dc.subject.otherVirtual Antenna Array (Vaa)en
dc.titleVirtual antenna array for reduced energy per bit transmission at Sub-5 GHz mobile wireless communication systemsen
dc.typeresearch article*
dc.type.hasVersionVoR*
dspace.entity.typePublication
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