Publication: Institutional change in industrial relations. Strike arbitration in Spain, 1880-1915
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2006
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Laureano Figuerola: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
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Abstract
Este artículo analiza los intentos por parte del estado español de ofrecer un marco regulatorio para las relaciones industriales a principios del siglo XX. Se discute aquí que el conflicto principal se centraba en el reconocimiento de los sindicatos por parte de los propietarios de empresas, lo que hacía que cualquier acuerdo para finalizar huelgas en curso fuera muy inestable. Respondiendo a un movimiento obrero cada vez más activo, el Estado intentó regular las huelgas, pero sin embargo no se decidió a forzar a los empresarios a reconocer a los sindicatos. Esto dio pie a la formulación de un sistema transitorio que duró casi veinte años en el que el empresariado pedía constantemente al estado que garantizara la libertad de trabajo en las huelgas y el estado selectivamente desoía a los empresarios para forzarles a conceder algunas de las demandas de los trabajadores y evitar que los conflictos sociales adquirieran mayores proporciones. Se analiza con detalle el papel del estado en las huelgas y se muestra cómo la intervención de las autoridades —generalmente del gobernador civil— aseguraba la concesión de al menos algunas de las reclamaciones de los trabajadores. Finalmente, se argumenta que este equilibrio institucional generaba la radicalización y movilización de empresarios y trabajadores.
This paper analyses the attempts of the Spanish state to regulate industrial relations in the early 20th century. The main conflict being over union recognition, workers faced strong opposition from employers, which generated a situation in which all possible agreements to end strikes were unstable. Faced with an increasingly active labour movement, the state tried to regulate industrial conflict but hesitated to apply state authority to force recalcitrant employers to recognize unions. A transitory system was in place for more than 20 years in which the state and employers clashed over the issue of the freedom to work and the state selectively applied its coercive power to force employers to give up on some of the strikers’ demands. Tracing the role of authorities in strikes, I show how the intervention of state officials in strikes granted workers at least the partial satisfaction of their demands. I finally argue that state intervention in industrial conflict fuelled the radicalism of both unions and employers’ associations.
This paper analyses the attempts of the Spanish state to regulate industrial relations in the early 20th century. The main conflict being over union recognition, workers faced strong opposition from employers, which generated a situation in which all possible agreements to end strikes were unstable. Faced with an increasingly active labour movement, the state tried to regulate industrial conflict but hesitated to apply state authority to force recalcitrant employers to recognize unions. A transitory system was in place for more than 20 years in which the state and employers clashed over the issue of the freedom to work and the state selectively applied its coercive power to force employers to give up on some of the strikers’ demands. Tracing the role of authorities in strikes, I show how the intervention of state officials in strikes granted workers at least the partial satisfaction of their demands. I finally argue that state intervention in industrial conflict fuelled the radicalism of both unions and employers’ associations.
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Industrial relations, Strikes, Institutional change, Restauración, Spain, Relaciones industriales, Huelgas, Cambio institucional, España, Restauración, Spain
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Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, Año XXIV, invierno 2006, n. 3, pp. 433-463