Publication: Control de un sistema de generación eólica de velocidad variable con generador síncrono multipolar de imanes permanentes acoplado a red
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2001
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2001-07-03
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Abstract
Se investiga la realización de un sistema de control aplicables a aeroturbinas de velocidad variables y paso variable con generador síncrono multipolar de imanes permanentes, conectadas a la red eléctrica.
Para conectar el aerogenerador de velocidad variables a la red se ha empleado un convertidor de frecuencia formado por dos puentes de IGBT's: uno, conectado al generador, funciona como rectificador de pulsos y el otro, conectado a la red, como inversor PWM. Para el control de los puentes se han utilizado técnicas de modulación vectorial. El sistema de control hace posible que la máquina trabaje en el entorno del punto de máxima potencia para velocidades del viento inferiores a la nominal de la instalación y la entregue con un factor de potencia controlable a la red de frecuencia constante.
Con el objeto de validar el correcto funcionamiento del control del aerogenerador, se ha desarrollado un prototipo del sistema en estudio. Las pruebas experimentales corroboran el correcto funcionamiento del conjunto de acuerdo a los objetivos establecidos.
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Wind energy is a prominent area of application of variable speed generators operating on the constant frequency grid. In spite of proven variable speed advantages, only the firm Gamesa has installed variable speed turbines iii Spain. At present, in Europe, only the firm Jeumont has developed variable speed wind turbines with direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators. They are fix pitch and generator and regulation data are almost non existent. The main aim of the present doctoral thesis is to develop a control system to be used in variable speed, variable pitch, wind turbines with multipole permanent magnet synchronous generators, connected to the grid. Control strategy is devoted to maximum power generation, mechanical stress reduction and power factor control. An experimental prototype has been developed to test the proposed regulation procedures; it has a permanent magnet synchronous generator with frequency converter. The emulation of the wind turbine is implemented by means of a DC motor which is torque controlled by a DC motor drive. The system was excited with real wind profiles. Experimental results (maximum power generation, low power and torque fluctuations, low current harmonic content, adecuate dynamic response) corroborate the theory. Control de un sistema de generación eólica de velocidad variable con GSIP acoplado a red
Wind energy is a prominent area of application of variable speed generators operating on the constant frequency grid. In spite of proven variable speed advantages, only the firm Gamesa has installed variable speed turbines iii Spain. At present, in Europe, only the firm Jeumont has developed variable speed wind turbines with direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators. They are fix pitch and generator and regulation data are almost non existent. The main aim of the present doctoral thesis is to develop a control system to be used in variable speed, variable pitch, wind turbines with multipole permanent magnet synchronous generators, connected to the grid. Control strategy is devoted to maximum power generation, mechanical stress reduction and power factor control. An experimental prototype has been developed to test the proposed regulation procedures; it has a permanent magnet synchronous generator with frequency converter. The emulation of the wind turbine is implemented by means of a DC motor which is torque controlled by a DC motor drive. The system was excited with real wind profiles. Experimental results (maximum power generation, low power and torque fluctuations, low current harmonic content, adecuate dynamic response) corroborate the theory. Control de un sistema de generación eólica de velocidad variable con GSIP acoplado a red
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Sistemas eléctricos, Energía eólica