Publication: Parametrización y análisis estructural de modelo de escalera mediante método de elementos finitos
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2014-06-03
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2014-06-03
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Abstract
Uno de los problemas que surgen en la instalación de ascensores en edificios antiguos es que el espacio existente para el conjunto de ascensor y escalera ya está ocupado en su mayoría por esta última y no permite dicha instalación. La solución encontrada que da pie a este Proyecto Fin de Carrera es la desarticulación de la escalera original del edificio para la posterior instalación de una distinta con un ancho menor de forma que se cree hueco para la caja del ascensor y sus componentes. Para realizar un proceso de construcción de este tipo de escaleras efectivo y con el menor coste posible se ha optado por realizar un diseño de escalera modular formado por perfiles metálicos cuyas dimensiones se pueden adaptar al espacio exigido de forma que con una serie relativamente pequeña de perfiles se pueda realizar la instalación en cualquier situación que se pueda encontrar.
Este proyecto consistirá en la creación de una aplicación que permita el análisis estructural de esa escalera modular realizada a base de distintos perfiles de viga metálicos unidos al forjado y a la base del edificio en el que se vaya a instalar. De esta manera se permitirá un análisis rápido y eficiente de la viabilidad de la instalación de la estructura en base a las longitudes características del hueco reservado en el edificio para la escalera.
Dicha aplicación se va a realizar de forma paramétrica de forma que se lleve al máximo exponente esas características de rapidez en el análisis y efectividad. Una vez el fabricante define un modelo y éste se crea mediante un entorno CAD, parametrizar ese modelo supone que el único cambio a realizar en el cálculo de esfuerzos que soporta la estructura sean los datos de entrada al programa. Es decir, el mismo código de programación valdrá para cualesquiera que sean las dimensiones de la estructura a analizar.
Una vez realizado el análisis en la aplicación se podrá conocer si la estructura aguanta los esfuerzos exigidos en la normativa y las dimensiones que deberán tener los elementos de la estructura, así como los puntos en los que se alcanzan las tensiones máximas de forma que, en caso de necesitarlo, se pueda dotar al conjunto con refuerzos adicionales.
One of the major issues whilst installing an elevator in an old building consists on that the existent space for both elevator and ladder is mainly occupied by the ladder, making impossible the installation process. This End of Degree Project focuses on this problem by replacing the former ladder by a new modulated one, narrower than the older version. As a result some empty spaces are created and used to install the elevator and its components. The constructive materials chosen for this structure are metallic beam profiles in order to create a standardised, effective and minimum cost process. Such process allows to modify the dimensions of the design by adding or cutting profiles depending on the dimensions specified by the building. The Project focuses on the creation of an application which allows to develop the structural analysis of a modulated ladder built with different metallic beam profiles flush-mounted on each floor of the building to be installed on. This application permits to produce an efficient feasibility study concerning the installation of this structure depending on the dimensions of the building. This application supports parametric modeling in order to maximize the speed and effectiveness of the analysis. Once the manufacturer provides the design of the ladder and the CAD model is generated, the program will only require the dimensions of its elements to start with the structural analysis. Therefore, the application is valid whatever the dimensions of the structure are. The main output of this feasibility study is to learn whether or not the structure is able to resist the standard stress value established by both normative and the sizes of the elements of the structure according to the dimensions of the building. Not only this application points out the areas where the maximum stress is to be found, but also allows testing possible reinforcements on these areas in case of need.
One of the major issues whilst installing an elevator in an old building consists on that the existent space for both elevator and ladder is mainly occupied by the ladder, making impossible the installation process. This End of Degree Project focuses on this problem by replacing the former ladder by a new modulated one, narrower than the older version. As a result some empty spaces are created and used to install the elevator and its components. The constructive materials chosen for this structure are metallic beam profiles in order to create a standardised, effective and minimum cost process. Such process allows to modify the dimensions of the design by adding or cutting profiles depending on the dimensions specified by the building. The Project focuses on the creation of an application which allows to develop the structural analysis of a modulated ladder built with different metallic beam profiles flush-mounted on each floor of the building to be installed on. This application permits to produce an efficient feasibility study concerning the installation of this structure depending on the dimensions of the building. This application supports parametric modeling in order to maximize the speed and effectiveness of the analysis. Once the manufacturer provides the design of the ladder and the CAD model is generated, the program will only require the dimensions of its elements to start with the structural analysis. Therefore, the application is valid whatever the dimensions of the structure are. The main output of this feasibility study is to learn whether or not the structure is able to resist the standard stress value established by both normative and the sizes of the elements of the structure according to the dimensions of the building. Not only this application points out the areas where the maximum stress is to be found, but also allows testing possible reinforcements on these areas in case of need.
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Construcción, Ascensores, Análisis numérico, Análisis estructural