Publication: Estudio de impacto ambiental de una línea de alta tensión
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Publication date
2014-04
Defense date
2014-04-09
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Abstract
El presente proyecto trata del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental sobre la construcción y
puesta en funcionamiento de una línea aérea de transporte de energía eléctrica. El
estudio es imprescindible siempre y cuando el proyecto de edificación del tendido tenga
que ser sometido a una Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, según lo dispuesto por el
Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2008, de 1 de enero, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido
de la Ley de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de proyectos.
Para comenzar el estudio es necesario considerar diferentes alternativas. Entre las
diferentes alternativas propuestas la alternativa elegida deberá ser aquella que sea la
menos perjudicial para el medio ambiente y a su vez satisfacer los requisitos de la
compañía distribuidora.
El estudio incluye un análisis socio-demográfico y un inventario ambiental de la zona.
El primero contiene un análisis demográfico, económico y cultural, que debe incluir
tanto las infraestructuras urbanas que posee la zona como el patrimonio histórico
cultural, sin olvidar los usos del suelo. El segundo, es un inventario ambiental, que
engloba una investigación de los medios físico, biológico y perceptual. En el medio
físico recopila información climática, la calidad del aire, hidrográfica, geológica y
edafológica. El medio biológico se compone de la flora y la fauna que posee la zona. Y
el perceptual tiene por objeto la descripción paisajística del medio.
Una vez analizadas todas las características que posee la zona de implantación de la
línea, se identifican todos los elementos susceptibles del medio que puedan ser
afectados por la ejecución del proyecto. La estimación del impacto sobre los elementos
de la zona, que se ocasione por el tendido eléctrico, se realiza mediante dos matrices de
causa-efecto, una para la fase de construcción y otra para la fase de funcionamiento. Y
una vez identificados los impactos se pasa a caracterizar y valorar los riesgos, que
también se analizarán en una matriz de la cual se obtendrán los resultados de este
Estudio de Impacto Ambiental.
Se añaden dos piezas elementales para poder concluir propiamente el Estudio de
Impacto Ambiental, la primera: el desarrollo de las medidas preventivas y correctoras y
la segunda: la elaboración un plan de vigilancia ambiental, tanto para la fase de
construcción como para la de funcionamiento.
Para finalizar se añade el presupuesto del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental.
This project is the Environmental Impact Study on the construction and implementation of an overhead electric power transmission line. The study is essential as long as stated by the Spanish law "Ley de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental", an environmental impact study is mandatory to the building project of the power transmission line. To begin the study is necessary to consider different alternatives. The chosen alternative to be the alternative which among the proposals, the choice is the least damaging to the environment and at the same time must satisfy the requirements of the distribution company. The study includes a socio-demographic analysis study and an environmental inventory of the area. The first one contains a demographic, economic and cultural analysis, which must include both urban infrastructures present in the area also cultural heritage, without forgetting the uses of the soil. The second one is an environmental inventory; it includes a physical, biological and perceptual of the medium. Regarding the physical environment, air quality, climatics, hydrographic and geological information has to be considered. The biological environment consists of fauna and flora that possesses the area. The present in the area is described by the perceptual medium. Once analyzed every features that the area of the implementation of the line, every environment elements, it could be susceptible to the environmental, are identified that could be affected by the project execution. To estimate the impact, two-cause-effect matrixes will be used in order to estimate the impact of the project, one for the execution phase and other for the exploitation phase. And the effects are identified, risks are going to characterize and assess. Also it’ll realize another matrix which is obtained result of this environmental impact study. Two essential pieces are added to conclude properly the Environmental Impact Study: on the one hand the development of preventive and corrective measures; and on the other, the elaboration of an environmental security plan, both for the execution phase and the exploitation phase. To summarize a budget of the Environmental Impact Study is estimated.
This project is the Environmental Impact Study on the construction and implementation of an overhead electric power transmission line. The study is essential as long as stated by the Spanish law "Ley de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental", an environmental impact study is mandatory to the building project of the power transmission line. To begin the study is necessary to consider different alternatives. The chosen alternative to be the alternative which among the proposals, the choice is the least damaging to the environment and at the same time must satisfy the requirements of the distribution company. The study includes a socio-demographic analysis study and an environmental inventory of the area. The first one contains a demographic, economic and cultural analysis, which must include both urban infrastructures present in the area also cultural heritage, without forgetting the uses of the soil. The second one is an environmental inventory; it includes a physical, biological and perceptual of the medium. Regarding the physical environment, air quality, climatics, hydrographic and geological information has to be considered. The biological environment consists of fauna and flora that possesses the area. The present in the area is described by the perceptual medium. Once analyzed every features that the area of the implementation of the line, every environment elements, it could be susceptible to the environmental, are identified that could be affected by the project execution. To estimate the impact, two-cause-effect matrixes will be used in order to estimate the impact of the project, one for the execution phase and other for the exploitation phase. And the effects are identified, risks are going to characterize and assess. Also it’ll realize another matrix which is obtained result of this environmental impact study. Two essential pieces are added to conclude properly the Environmental Impact Study: on the one hand the development of preventive and corrective measures; and on the other, the elaboration of an environmental security plan, both for the execution phase and the exploitation phase. To summarize a budget of the Environmental Impact Study is estimated.
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Keywords
Líneas eléctricas de alta tensión, Impacto ambiental, Energía eléctrica, Gestión del medio ambiente