Publication: Nanomateriales de carbono, síntesis, funcionalización y aplicaciones
Loading...
Identifiers
Publication date
2015-06
Defense date
2015-06-26
Tutors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Impact
Export
Abstract
La presente tesis trata acerca del estudio y la búsqueda de aplicaciones de
nanomateriales de carbono, principalmente enfocándonos en nanotubos de carbono y grafeno oxidado. La razón por la cual se eligieron estos nanomateriales es debido a su gran versatilidad, a sus excelentes propiedades tanto eléctricas, mecánicas, su gran aspecto superficial que en si engloban a todos estos materiales, haciéndolos candidatos para la era del postsilicio, que los hacen susceptibles a su uso en diferentes aplicaciones.
Para tal efecto, en el primer capítulo se realizara un esbozo acerca del descubrimiento, propiedades y tipos de nanomateriales de carbono partiendo desde los que inicio de este boom nanotecnológico el cual fue el fullereno, seguido de los nanoconos a fin de dar al lector una visión de partida de cómo es que nacieron los nanomateriales de carbono, seguido de una explicación más detallada de lo que son los nanotubos de carbono así como los tipos existentes en la actualidad(de pared simple o pared múltiple, al igual que su tipo de dopaje) y a su vez también se hablara en términos generales del grafeno.
Al estudiar los nanomateriales, una de sus principales áreas de mayor importancia es su síntesis. Cabe aquí hacer mención que esta tesis se centró en la síntesis de distintos tipos de nanotubos (puros, dopados con grupos oxigenados y dopados con nitrógeno) con la finalidad de alterar sus propiedades tanto reactivas, electrónicas y mecánicas; mientras que en el caso del grafeno se sintetizo el grafeno oxidado. En cuanto a la síntesis, se partieron de técnicas fáciles de emplear y con gran rendimiento del producto, usándose CVD para los nanotubos de carbono y el método Brodie debido a su tiempo de
síntesis el cual es mucho menor en comparación con el método de Hummers.
El requerimiento de innovar y proporcionar un mayor abanico de posibilidades con respecto a la mejora y adquisición de nuevas propiedades, se han investigado lo que se refiere a los materiales híbridos que son una nueva área en pleno crecimiento, centrándose principalmente en el desarrollo de materiales híbridos con nanopartículas en donde las nanopartículas logran incorporar a los nanotubos de otras grandes ventajas, como una mayor sensibilidad ante ciertos analitos o la incorporación de propiedades magnéticas, por mencionar tan solo algunos ejemplos, por lo que el capítulo 5 se centrara en la creación de estos materiales híbridos.
This thesis deals about the study and research of carbon nanomaterials and their possibles applications, mainly focusing on carbon nanotubes and oxide graphene. We chose these nanomaterials due to their versatility such as excellent electrical, mechanical properties and their large surface-area relation, making them good candidates for the era of postsilicio and for different applications. For this purpose, in the first chapter a brief introduction of carbon nanomaterials will be dealt since their discovery, properties and kinds of nanomaterials from fullerene, nanocone as starting point following by a detail explanation about carbon nanotubes as single walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and doped carbon nanotubes, and finally a short description about graphene. Another main area of interest is their synthesis. It is worth mentioning here, that this thesis is focused on the synthesis of different types of nanotubes (pristine, doped with oxygen groups and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes) in order to alter their reactivity, electronic and mechanical properties; while in the case of oxidized graphene was synthesized oxide graphene. It was chosen techniques of synthesis with a high yield product: CVD for carbon nanotubes and Brodie method for oxide graphene. In order to provide different types of synthesis, also some examples for creating carbon nanoribbons based on carbon nanotubes are outlined, this was done in order to induce to reader to the variety of structures that can be obtained from a starting material, wherein playing with the symmetry of carbon nanomaterials it is possible to obtain different structures. Between the aplications for carbon nanomaterials are electrophoresis, fillers for reinforcement matrices to obtain polymeric nanocomposites, films for sensors and photosensors, where a good dispersion can lead to a substantial improvement in results for this purpose. Functionalization is another priority part of this thesis to prevent aggregation of carbon nanotubes. Meanwhile oxide graphene with the presence of some oxygen groups has more solubility in comparison with carbon nanotubes. The requirement to innovate and provide a wider range of possibilities with regard to the improvement and acquisition of new properties, it has been investigated with hybrid materials focusing mainly on the development of hybrid materials with nanoparticles, where the nanoparticles are able to incorporate new properties to carbon nanotubes giving great benefits, such as increased sensitivity to certain analytes. With respect to polymeric nanocomposites this issue would be dealt during the Chapter 2.4 of this thesis, while Chapter 2.5 will be addresed to main applications that have been developed along my PhD work such as gas sensors, photosensors, electrophoresis, as field emission and improving of polimeric properties, ending with the general conclusions of my thesis.
This thesis deals about the study and research of carbon nanomaterials and their possibles applications, mainly focusing on carbon nanotubes and oxide graphene. We chose these nanomaterials due to their versatility such as excellent electrical, mechanical properties and their large surface-area relation, making them good candidates for the era of postsilicio and for different applications. For this purpose, in the first chapter a brief introduction of carbon nanomaterials will be dealt since their discovery, properties and kinds of nanomaterials from fullerene, nanocone as starting point following by a detail explanation about carbon nanotubes as single walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and doped carbon nanotubes, and finally a short description about graphene. Another main area of interest is their synthesis. It is worth mentioning here, that this thesis is focused on the synthesis of different types of nanotubes (pristine, doped with oxygen groups and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes) in order to alter their reactivity, electronic and mechanical properties; while in the case of oxidized graphene was synthesized oxide graphene. It was chosen techniques of synthesis with a high yield product: CVD for carbon nanotubes and Brodie method for oxide graphene. In order to provide different types of synthesis, also some examples for creating carbon nanoribbons based on carbon nanotubes are outlined, this was done in order to induce to reader to the variety of structures that can be obtained from a starting material, wherein playing with the symmetry of carbon nanomaterials it is possible to obtain different structures. Between the aplications for carbon nanomaterials are electrophoresis, fillers for reinforcement matrices to obtain polymeric nanocomposites, films for sensors and photosensors, where a good dispersion can lead to a substantial improvement in results for this purpose. Functionalization is another priority part of this thesis to prevent aggregation of carbon nanotubes. Meanwhile oxide graphene with the presence of some oxygen groups has more solubility in comparison with carbon nanotubes. The requirement to innovate and provide a wider range of possibilities with regard to the improvement and acquisition of new properties, it has been investigated with hybrid materials focusing mainly on the development of hybrid materials with nanoparticles, where the nanoparticles are able to incorporate new properties to carbon nanotubes giving great benefits, such as increased sensitivity to certain analytes. With respect to polymeric nanocomposites this issue would be dealt during the Chapter 2.4 of this thesis, while Chapter 2.5 will be addresed to main applications that have been developed along my PhD work such as gas sensors, photosensors, electrophoresis, as field emission and improving of polimeric properties, ending with the general conclusions of my thesis.
Description
Mención Internacional en el título de doctor
Keywords
Materiales compuestos, Nanotecnología, Nanomateriales, Nanotubos de carbono, Síntesis