Publication: Patentes, cambio técnico e industrialización en la España del siglo XIX
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1999
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Marcial Pons : Centro de Estudios Constitucionales : Fundación Fomento de la Historia Económica
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Abstract
En este artículo se utilizan las series de patentes para profundizar en
la estructura de la economía española entre 1759 y 1878, partiendo de la hipótesis
de que la actividad inventiva es fruto de la demanda derivada del proceso
de crecimiento económico. Los resultados aclaran que la mayor parte de las
patentes se concentraron en determinados sectores innovadores en expansión,
entre los que es posible encontrar —además de a la industria textil y a los
metales— a actividades que la historiografía no ha unido, habitualmente, con
procesos de cambio técnico e industrialización en la época analizada. Es el
caso de la transformación de productos agrarios, la fabricación de bienes de
equipo, la química de consumo, la construcción o los servicios. A través de
un estudio detallado de las patentes es posible caracterizar y particularizar
el proceso de avance técnico en cada uno de estos sectores.
In this paper we use patent statistics in order to analyse the structure of the Spanish economy between 1759 and 1878. We depart from the hypothesis that inventive activity is demand driven. The results show how at the beginning of the Spanish industrialisation the majority of patents were concentrated in a few innovative sectors. Besides the textile and basic metal industries, it is possible to find some other sectors that have not usually been linked to technical change nor to productivity growth during that period. This is the case for the food, beverages and tobaceo industries, machinery and equipment as well as chemical, construction and services sectors. A detailed analysis of patent records makes ít possible to study the characteristics and peculiaríties of the technical progress conceming each one of these sectors.
In this paper we use patent statistics in order to analyse the structure of the Spanish economy between 1759 and 1878. We depart from the hypothesis that inventive activity is demand driven. The results show how at the beginning of the Spanish industrialisation the majority of patents were concentrated in a few innovative sectors. Besides the textile and basic metal industries, it is possible to find some other sectors that have not usually been linked to technical change nor to productivity growth during that period. This is the case for the food, beverages and tobaceo industries, machinery and equipment as well as chemical, construction and services sectors. A detailed analysis of patent records makes ít possible to study the characteristics and peculiaríties of the technical progress conceming each one of these sectors.
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Revista de Historia Económica Año XVII primavera-verano 1999 n. 2 pp. 265--304