Publication: Análisis previo de biocompatibilidad de un material compuesto de HAp-Ti fabricado por pulvimetalurgia
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2013-07
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2013-07-17
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Abstract
En el presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera se ha realizado un análisis previo de biocompatibilidad de un material compuesto de HAp-Ti fabricado por dos rutas pulvimetalúrgicas diferentes, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) y Two Step Sintering (TSS).
Actualmente los materiales más utilizados como biomateriales son Ti o alguna de sus aleaciones, la más común Ti6Al4V que según se ha demostrado crea problemas de salud a largo plazo, y que además resultan económicamente costosas. La pulvimetalurgia ofrece la posibilidad de flexibilizar la composición y el método de fabricación. En este trabajo se estudia un material compuesto fabricado por pulvimetalurgia que no podría ser fabricado por otras técnicas. El material contiene como fase mayoritaria hidroxiapatita (HAp) a la que se añade TiH2 que se transformará en Ti durante la sinterización; esta es una combinación novedosa tanto en composición, como en la forma de procesamiento: Two Step Sintering (TSS) y Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Dicha composición tiene como objeto obtener un comportamiento bioactivo en el proceso de integración.
Las muestras objeto de estudio proceden de la colaboración con la Universidad de Craiova, Rumanía, donde han sido fabricadas. Adicionalmente al estudio de bioactividad, las muestras fueron caracterizadas mediante diferentes técnicas: microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), difracción de rayos X (DRX), medida de dureza y módulo de elasticidad mediante nanoindentación.
Para analizar la bioactividad de las piezas se estudia la interacción que estas presentan con un fluido que simula el entorno fisiológico en el que se encuentran sumergidas, en concreto, disolución de Lactato de Ringer. Tal interacción se evalúa realizando un seguimiento de la deposición de Ca sobre las muestras provenientes del mismo fluido. Para ello se hace uso de la tecnología de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y de microanálisis semicuantitativos (EDS-EDAX).
Tras el estudio se ha identificado la ruta de procesado que da lugar a muestras con la mejor combinación de bioactividad y propiedades mecánicas.
Por otro lado, tras el análisis y estudio de los resultados se ha podido concluir que el método utilizado para evaluar la respuesta de los materiales compuestos ante un fluido que simula el entorno fisiológico resulta válido. Estos resultados se contrastan con los obtenidos en estudios previos similares realizados por otros autores en materiales similares. ___________________________________
A previous biocompatibility study of a composite material has been done in this final degree project. The composite material is composed of a mixture of Hydroxyapatite-Titanium (Hap-Ti) processed by two different ways, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Two Step Sintering (TSS). Nowadays the most commonly used materials used as biomaterials are Ti or some of its alloys, being the Ti6Al4V the most widely used even though it has been demonstrated that it is expensive and it causes long term health problems. A powder metallurgy route offers the possibility of tailoring the composition and the method of fabrication. In this work, a composite material which could not be processed by other means is studied. The material is made of a main phase of HAp and of a superficial phase of TiH2 that will become Ti during the sinterization. This combination of composition and manufacturing process is a novel approach. The goal of this composition is to obtain a bioactive behavior during the integration process. Samples were supplied by Craiova’s University, Rumania, where they have been manufactured. Besides the biocompatibility study, samples were characterized by different techniques as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) hardness and Young’s modulus by nanoindentation. In order to analyze the bioactivity of the samples the interaction of them with a simulated body fluid (Lactated Ringer's solution) has been studied. The interaction is assessed by monitoring the deposition of Ca, which comes from the fluid, on the samples. For this purpose it is used the technology of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS-EDAX). After the study it has been identified the manufacturing process which results in the samples with the best combination of bioactivity and mechanical properties. After the analysis and the study of results it has been concluded that the method used for evaluating the behavior of composite materials in the presence of a simulated body fluid is a suitable one. These results are compared with the results obtained in previous studies made by other authors with similar materials.
A previous biocompatibility study of a composite material has been done in this final degree project. The composite material is composed of a mixture of Hydroxyapatite-Titanium (Hap-Ti) processed by two different ways, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Two Step Sintering (TSS). Nowadays the most commonly used materials used as biomaterials are Ti or some of its alloys, being the Ti6Al4V the most widely used even though it has been demonstrated that it is expensive and it causes long term health problems. A powder metallurgy route offers the possibility of tailoring the composition and the method of fabrication. In this work, a composite material which could not be processed by other means is studied. The material is made of a main phase of HAp and of a superficial phase of TiH2 that will become Ti during the sinterization. This combination of composition and manufacturing process is a novel approach. The goal of this composition is to obtain a bioactive behavior during the integration process. Samples were supplied by Craiova’s University, Rumania, where they have been manufactured. Besides the biocompatibility study, samples were characterized by different techniques as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) hardness and Young’s modulus by nanoindentation. In order to analyze the bioactivity of the samples the interaction of them with a simulated body fluid (Lactated Ringer's solution) has been studied. The interaction is assessed by monitoring the deposition of Ca, which comes from the fluid, on the samples. For this purpose it is used the technology of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS-EDAX). After the study it has been identified the manufacturing process which results in the samples with the best combination of bioactivity and mechanical properties. After the analysis and the study of results it has been concluded that the method used for evaluating the behavior of composite materials in the presence of a simulated body fluid is a suitable one. These results are compared with the results obtained in previous studies made by other authors with similar materials.
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Keywords
Materiales compuestos, Titanio, Biomateriales, Pulvimetalurgia