Publication: Prepaid tickets to the new world: the New York Continental Conference and transatlantic steerage fares 1885-1895
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2008
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Laureano Figuerola
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Abstract
Este artículo examina la situación de los cárteles del transporte naviero
(conferencias) que regularon el transporte migratorio transatlántico del
continente europeo a los Estados Unidos. El objetivo del artículo es identificar
las presiones internas y externas subyacentes a estos acuerdos, así
como las estrategias empleadas para neutralizar estas presiones. El autor
llega a la conclusión de que un acuerdo sobre la división del mercado en
quatos (market shares) era esencial para la eficacia de la Conferencia, que
era al mismo tiempo una forma de integración horizontal que regulaban la
competencia entre las compañías de transporte naviero, así como una integración
vertical para obtener el control sobre la red de agentes transatlánticos
de venta de billetes a la emigración. El autor correlaciona también la
eficacia de los acuerdos con las tarifas para emigrantes y los costes de la
migración.
This article surveys the situation of the shipping cartels (conferences) which regulated transatlantic migrant transport from the European Continent to the United States. The focus of the article is to identify the internal and external pressures underlying these agreements and the strategies employed to neutralize these pressures. The author reaches the conclusion that a pool agreement was essential for the effectiveness of the Conference, which was both a means of horizontal integration regulating the competition between shipping companies and a means of vertical integration to gain control over the transatlantic migrant agent network selling the ocean passage tickets. The author also correlates the efficiency of the agreements with steerage fares and migration costs.
This article surveys the situation of the shipping cartels (conferences) which regulated transatlantic migrant transport from the European Continent to the United States. The focus of the article is to identify the internal and external pressures underlying these agreements and the strategies employed to neutralize these pressures. The author reaches the conclusion that a pool agreement was essential for the effectiveness of the Conference, which was both a means of horizontal integration regulating the competition between shipping companies and a means of vertical integration to gain control over the transatlantic migrant agent network selling the ocean passage tickets. The author also correlates the efficiency of the agreements with steerage fares and migration costs.
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Cárteles de transporte naviero, Migración, Tarifas para emigrantes, Redes Marítimas siglo XIX
Bibliographic citation
Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, Año XXVI, otoño 2008, n. 2, pp. 179-204