Publication: El cubo de Ismael : desarrollo de una técnica para alumnos del colegio San Rafael (I)
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2011-06
Defense date
2011-06-27
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Abstract
Mediante este proyecto se pretende fabricar un cubo que haga de intermediario en la comunicación de un niño con discapacidad de comunicación (funciones cognitivas bajas), con sus cuidadores para expresar lo que quiera hacer. Se ha diseñado y construido el cubo comunicador. Este cubo se situará frente al niño, y girará sobre su propio eje preguntándole qué le apetece hacer. Mostrará una cara y emitirá un mensaje sonoro para indicarle la acción que se representará mediante un pictograma en esa cara. Si el niño quiere realizar alguna de las acciones representadas, deberá golpear la cara lateral del cubo. De esta forma, se emitirá un mensaje de atención para indicar a los cuidadores que ha decidido hacer la acción. El cubo dejará de girar para mostrar las opciones y cada vez que se le golpee en la cara lateral, emitirá el mensaje de atención. El cubo se sujeta mediante un tornillo alojado en la base, con un brazo fotográfico que irá fijado con una pinza en la mesa. La estructura del cubo consta de dos partes, la fija y la móvil. La fija es la que va unida a la base y por tanto al brazo fotográfico. Esta estructura es una torre circular que consta de varias plantas unidas mediante cuatro varillas roscadas que las atraviesan en sus cuatro extremos. En esta torre se distribuye la circuitería electrónica del sistema. En la primera planta se aloja la batería recargable y una placa que convierte la tensión de la batería a 5V para alimentar al resto del sistema, una vez que se haya apretado el pulsador de encendido. En la segunda planta se aloja el motor paso a paso y una placa que controla su funcionamiento. Esto se hará mediante el microcontrolador 8051 y un driver de potencia que manda una secuencia al motor para que gire 90 grados cada vez. Este motor va unido a un eje y a un aspa, que a su vez va unida a la estructura móvil, que es la parte externa del cubo. De esta forma, cuando tenga que cambiar de cara para emitir otro mensaje, se girará el motor desde la parte fija y girará la móvil. La planta 3 va íntimamente ligada a la interfaz, ya que todo lo que se ve en la interfaz va conectado a la placa alojada en esta planta. Esta placa controla la grabación y reproducción de los mensajes mediante un microcontrolador 8051 y un chip-grabador. Estos mensajes serán las preguntas que se realizarán al niño y los mensajes de atención a los cuidadores. En esta planta también se integra un receptor infrarrojo, el cual detectará si se ha pulsado alguna cara lateral de la parte móvil. Esto es gracias a un emisor infrarrojo alojado en la parte móvil que comunicará al receptor que se ha de reproducir el mensaje de atención correspondiente a la cara mostrada. En la interfaz, situada bajo una tapa en la parte superior del cubo, también encontraremos el altavoz, el micrófono, un interruptor deslizante que nos dará la opción de grabar o reproducir, un pulsador que activará el proceso de grabar o reproducir, otro pulsador con el que se cambiará el tiempo que hay entre la presentación de una cara y otra, y un potenciómetro con el que podremos cambiar el volumen. Cuando el cubo deja de usarse, se inicia una cuenta de 6 minutos. Pasado este tiempo se apaga el sistema automáticamente. El sistema ha sido satisfactoriamente presentado al personal del Colegio del Hospital San Rafael de Madrid y probado por el usuario final, con quien se contó en todo momento del diseño y de la implementación, tal como se requiere en las directrices del Diseño para Todos. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This project seeks to produce a cube as a role of communicator in a disabled child's communication (low cognitive functions), with caregivers to express what he wants. The design and manufacturing of the cube communicator has been made. This cube is placed in front of the child, and turn on its own axis asking the child for the next activity. It shows one side and emits a sound message to indicate the action that is represented by a pictogram on that side. If the child wants to do any of the actions represented, he should strike the side wall of the cube. In this way, a warning message will be issued to indicate to caregivers that the child has made up his mind. The cube will stop rotating to display the options, and every time that the child hits it on a lateral face, it will deliver the message to caregivers. The cube is held by a screw lodged in the base, with a photographic arm fixed with a clamp on the table. The structure of the cube consists of two parts, the fixed and mobile ones. The fixed one is one that is attached to the base and therefore to the photographic arm. This structure is a circular tower consisting of several plants stacked together by four threaded rods that pass through its four corners. In this tower electronic circuitry of the system is distributed. On the first floor the rechargeable battery and a plate that converts the battery voltage to 5V to power the rest of the system, once you have pressed the starter button, are staying. On the second floor the stepper motor and a board that controls its operation can be found. This is done by the microcontroller 8051 and a power driver that sends a stream to the motor to rotate 90 degrees each time. This motor is coupled to a shaft and a blade, which in turn is linked to the mobile structure, which is the outside part of the cube. Thus, when changing a view to issue another message, the motor turns from the fixed part rotating the mobile one. Plant 3 is closely linked to the interface, and everything in the interface is connected to the board hat is on this plant. This plate controls the recording and playback of messages through an 8051 and a chip-recorder. These messages are the questions that will be made to child and the care messages to caregivers. This floor also includes an infrared receiver, which will detect whether a face was pressed on the mobile part. This is done by an infrared emitter placed on the mobile part to inform the receiver that it has to play the message of care regarding with the shown face.
This project seeks to produce a cube as a role of communicator in a disabled child's communication (low cognitive functions), with caregivers to express what he wants. The design and manufacturing of the cube communicator has been made. This cube is placed in front of the child, and turn on its own axis asking the child for the next activity. It shows one side and emits a sound message to indicate the action that is represented by a pictogram on that side. If the child wants to do any of the actions represented, he should strike the side wall of the cube. In this way, a warning message will be issued to indicate to caregivers that the child has made up his mind. The cube will stop rotating to display the options, and every time that the child hits it on a lateral face, it will deliver the message to caregivers. The cube is held by a screw lodged in the base, with a photographic arm fixed with a clamp on the table. The structure of the cube consists of two parts, the fixed and mobile ones. The fixed one is one that is attached to the base and therefore to the photographic arm. This structure is a circular tower consisting of several plants stacked together by four threaded rods that pass through its four corners. In this tower electronic circuitry of the system is distributed. On the first floor the rechargeable battery and a plate that converts the battery voltage to 5V to power the rest of the system, once you have pressed the starter button, are staying. On the second floor the stepper motor and a board that controls its operation can be found. This is done by the microcontroller 8051 and a power driver that sends a stream to the motor to rotate 90 degrees each time. This motor is coupled to a shaft and a blade, which in turn is linked to the mobile structure, which is the outside part of the cube. Thus, when changing a view to issue another message, the motor turns from the fixed part rotating the mobile one. Plant 3 is closely linked to the interface, and everything in the interface is connected to the board hat is on this plant. This plate controls the recording and playback of messages through an 8051 and a chip-recorder. These messages are the questions that will be made to child and the care messages to caregivers. This floor also includes an infrared receiver, which will detect whether a face was pressed on the mobile part. This is done by an infrared emitter placed on the mobile part to inform the receiver that it has to play the message of care regarding with the shown face.
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Keywords
Microelectrónica, Microprocesadores, Electromecánica, Personas discapacitadas