Publication: Análisis y diseño electromagnético de detectores Kid para aplicaciones espaciales a frecuencias de THZ
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2011-04
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2011-04-08
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Abstract
La banda submilimétrica, o del infrarrojo lejano, es la porción del espectro electromagnético de la que menos información se tiene. La investigación de esta banda se ha convertido en un tema importante y de gran alcance tanto para aplicaciones espaciales como terrestres. Hasta la fecha, los dispositivos criogénicos eran los detectores más sensibles que existían para muchas de estas aplicaciones. Sin embargo, la siguiente generación de instrumentos astronómicos requiere de grandes campos de visión directa con cámaras de millones de píxeles para permitir la medición simultánea de un gran número de bandas espectroscópicas en una amplia zona del cielo. La dificultad de los dispositivos criogénicos para ser integrados en estos grandes arrays, ha hecho que sea necesario buscar otras opciones. Los recién desarrollados MKIDs (Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors) tienen el potencial necesario para la creación de estas matrices de gran tamaño. El principio de funcionamiento de estos dispositivos se basa en el incremento en la población de cuasipartículas y el correspondiente incremento de la inductancia cinética, producida dentro del volumen de un superconductor al incidir en él fotones o fonones con una energía superior a la energía vinculante que une los pares de Cooper del superconductor. Esta pequeña variación en la inductancia puede medirse por medio de un circuito resonante de microondas con un alto factor de calidad. La absorción de un fotón modifica la inductancia del circuito y hace variar ligeramente la frecuencia de resonancia. El objetivo final de este proyecto es realizar un estudio práctico sobre los detectores de tipo KID, y sobre la absorción, en la banda de los terahercios, que son capaces de proporcionar. Nos centraremos únicamente en el análisis y diseño electromagnético de la parte inductiva del circuito. Se realizarí un desarrollo analítico de la impedancia de la estructura, así como la validación del mismo. Con esto facilitaremos el diseño posterior del sistema. El modelo analítico desarrollado nos permitiría, entre otras cosas, poder realizar un estudio en frecuencia del detector, y comparar las diferentes situaciones que se van a considerar. Tras haber validado este modelo, se realizarí el diseño de dos absorbedores KID, el primero recibirí una única polarización, y el segundo sería capaz de recibir las dos. Para ambos se realizaría un estudio de la eficiencia de absorción de la banda submilimétrica que son capaces de proporcionar. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The submillimeter band, or Far InfraRed, is the last portion of the electromagnetic spectrum where sky emission is poorly known. The investigation of this band has become an important and powerful issue for both space and terrestrial applications. To date, cryogenic devices have been the most sensitive detectors for many of these applications. However, the next generation of astronomical instruments requires large field of view cameras with millions of pixels for allowing simultaneous measurements of a large number of spectroscopic bands over a wide area of the sky. The dificult integration of cryogenic devices into these large arrays, has made it necessary to seek other options. The newly developed Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have the necessary potential to create these large arrays. The operation of these devices is based on the increase in the quasiparticle population and the corresponding increase in the kinetic inductance within the volume of a superconducting film upon absorption of photons or phonons with energies above the binding energy of a superconducting electron pair (Cooper pair). This small change in inductance can be measured by a microwave resonant circuit with a high quality factor. The absorption of a photon modifies the inductance of the circuit and changes the resonant frequency slightly. The ultimate goal of this project is to conduct a practical study on MKID detectors and the absorption that are able to provide in the terahertz band. We will focus solely on the electromagnetic analysis and design of the inductive circuit. There will be an analytical development of the impedance of the structure, as well as its validation. This will facilitate the subsequent design of the system. The analytical model developed allows us to conduct a detector frequency study and compare the different situations to be considered. After validating this model, we will design two MKID absorbers. The first one will receive a single polarization, and the other one will be able to get both polarizations. There will be a study of the absorption eficiency in the submillimeter band.
The submillimeter band, or Far InfraRed, is the last portion of the electromagnetic spectrum where sky emission is poorly known. The investigation of this band has become an important and powerful issue for both space and terrestrial applications. To date, cryogenic devices have been the most sensitive detectors for many of these applications. However, the next generation of astronomical instruments requires large field of view cameras with millions of pixels for allowing simultaneous measurements of a large number of spectroscopic bands over a wide area of the sky. The dificult integration of cryogenic devices into these large arrays, has made it necessary to seek other options. The newly developed Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have the necessary potential to create these large arrays. The operation of these devices is based on the increase in the quasiparticle population and the corresponding increase in the kinetic inductance within the volume of a superconducting film upon absorption of photons or phonons with energies above the binding energy of a superconducting electron pair (Cooper pair). This small change in inductance can be measured by a microwave resonant circuit with a high quality factor. The absorption of a photon modifies the inductance of the circuit and changes the resonant frequency slightly. The ultimate goal of this project is to conduct a practical study on MKID detectors and the absorption that are able to provide in the terahertz band. We will focus solely on the electromagnetic analysis and design of the inductive circuit. There will be an analytical development of the impedance of the structure, as well as its validation. This will facilitate the subsequent design of the system. The analytical model developed allows us to conduct a detector frequency study and compare the different situations to be considered. After validating this model, we will design two MKID absorbers. The first one will receive a single polarization, and the other one will be able to get both polarizations. There will be a study of the absorption eficiency in the submillimeter band.
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Detectores KID, Electromagnetismo