Publication: Estudio y desarrollo de un protocolo de movilidad IPv6 localizada basada en la red
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2011-02
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2011-02-21
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Abstract
Gracias a la tecnología existente, el acceso a Internet es posible desde diversos dispositivos, incluidos aquellos que pueden cambiar de posición dentro de la red fácilmente, como podría ser un teléfono móvil. Debido a ello, surge un nuevo problema; mantener la conexión a una red aunque la ubicación dentro de la misma varíe en el tiempo. Este concepto es lo que se denomina Movilidad IP. El movimiento de este tipo de terminales está estrechamente ligado a los enlaces inalámbricos, y cada movimiento de dicho terminal supondrá un cambio del punto de acceso a la red, tras el cual se espera que la conexión a la misma red se siga manteniendo. Para poder conseguir tal conectividad, en los últimos años se han desarrollado diversos protocolos que la facilitan, entre los que destacan los protocolos basados en la red. La característica más importante de este tipo de protocolos reside en que es la propia red la que gestiona la movilidad de los nodos que la forman. Cuando se definió IPv4, no se contempló la posibilidad de escenarios en los que se pudiese llevar a cabo la movilidad de sus nodos. Por el contrario, en IPv6 sí que estuvo presente, lo que lo convierte en un protocolo mejor preparado para soportarla. Con lo cual, este proyecto estará basado en movilidad IPv6. Dentro de los protocolos existentes para IPv6, el protocolo objeto de estudio durante este proyecto es Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). El protocolo en el que PMIPv6 está basado, y que aún todavía sigue siendo motivo de investigación, es Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6). Las ventajas principales que introduce este nuevo protocolo con respecto a su antecesor son; tras producirse un movimiento de un nodo, éste en su nueva ubicación, seguirá manteniendo la misma dirección IPv6 que tenía en su posición anterior (esto es posible debido a que cuando un nodo entra a formar parte de una red se le asigna un prefijo, el cual será mantenido durante todo el tiempo que permanezca dicho nodo en la red). Además, para que esto suceda, ese mismo nodo no necesitará disponer de ningún tipo de software adicional, con lo cual, dicho nodo podría no ser consciente de su cambio de ubicación dentro de la red. A pesar de que ya ha sido definido, PMIPv6 aún está en una fase experimental, por lo que la finalidad de este proyecto ha sido conseguir una implementación que desarrolle correctamente los pasos básicos de dicho protocolo, en la cual se obviarán los aspectos más específicos del mismo, pero que garantizase, de manera robusta, que la comunicación de los diferentes elementos que componen la red fuese restablecida tras el cambio de posición de un nodo, tras un período de tiempo razonable. Por último, y una vez concluida la fase anterior, se llevará a cabo un plan de pruebas exhaustivo, para comprobar que, efectivamente, la implementación garantiza siempre la comunicación entre dichos elementos. Además se realizará una estimación del tiempo que la implementación emplea en conectar todos los elementos de la red nuevamente una vez producido un movimiento. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to current technology, a wide variety of devices provide Internet connection, including mobile ones which could easily move around a network, such as a mobile telephone. Owing to this fact, a new difficulty emerges; keeping the connection between a device and the other elements belonging to the same network, despite the device changing its position within the network. This concept is called IP Mobility. This sort of movement is closely related to wireless links, and whenever the device moves, it will change the access point to the network. Nevertheless, the device must be able to communicate with other devices within the network. In order to obtain this connectivity, many protocols have been developed in the last few years. It is worth mentioning those protocols based on the network, in which the network is able to manage the mobility of the device, which have thus created the network. Mobility had not been considered when IPv4 was defined, but it was taken into account during the IPv6 development. This is the reason to why this thesis has been focused on IPv6 Mobility. Specifically, the protocol which has been studied is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). PMIPv6 is based on Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which currently remains a research progress. There are two main advantages due to PMIPv6: when a device moves around the network, in its new position, the same IPv6 address will be assigned to that device (this is possible because when a node connects to a network, the network will apply a prefix to that device, which will remain with it until it leaves that network). Furthermore, the device does not require any additional software, so it may not have the awareness of its movement. Although, PMIPv6 has already been defined, it is still in an experimental phase. For this reason, the main purpose of this thesis is to obtain a PMIPv6 implementation which is able to carry out the main features belonging to the protocol, guaranteeing a reliable behavior, i.e. the communication between all the nodes within a network will be reestablished after a reasonable period of time. Eventually, when the development is completed, it is necessary to prove that it works as expected. In order to do this the implementation is subjected to many control tests. In addition, a thorough study of the time, which is needed to recover the communication between the different elements belonging to the network, when a node changes its location, is outlined in the following report.
Thanks to current technology, a wide variety of devices provide Internet connection, including mobile ones which could easily move around a network, such as a mobile telephone. Owing to this fact, a new difficulty emerges; keeping the connection between a device and the other elements belonging to the same network, despite the device changing its position within the network. This concept is called IP Mobility. This sort of movement is closely related to wireless links, and whenever the device moves, it will change the access point to the network. Nevertheless, the device must be able to communicate with other devices within the network. In order to obtain this connectivity, many protocols have been developed in the last few years. It is worth mentioning those protocols based on the network, in which the network is able to manage the mobility of the device, which have thus created the network. Mobility had not been considered when IPv4 was defined, but it was taken into account during the IPv6 development. This is the reason to why this thesis has been focused on IPv6 Mobility. Specifically, the protocol which has been studied is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). PMIPv6 is based on Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which currently remains a research progress. There are two main advantages due to PMIPv6: when a device moves around the network, in its new position, the same IPv6 address will be assigned to that device (this is possible because when a node connects to a network, the network will apply a prefix to that device, which will remain with it until it leaves that network). Furthermore, the device does not require any additional software, so it may not have the awareness of its movement. Although, PMIPv6 has already been defined, it is still in an experimental phase. For this reason, the main purpose of this thesis is to obtain a PMIPv6 implementation which is able to carry out the main features belonging to the protocol, guaranteeing a reliable behavior, i.e. the communication between all the nodes within a network will be reestablished after a reasonable period of time. Eventually, when the development is completed, it is necessary to prove that it works as expected. In order to do this the implementation is subjected to many control tests. In addition, a thorough study of the time, which is needed to recover the communication between the different elements belonging to the network, when a node changes its location, is outlined in the following report.
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Keywords
Protocolos de comunicación, IPv6