Publication: Diseño del sistema de ventilación y climatización del edificio eléctrico de una central de ciclo combinado
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2011-01
Defense date
2011-02-02
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Abstract
El presente proyecto pretende profundizar en el campo del cálculo de cargas térmicas en edificios y en el diseño de sistemas de calor y frío industrial. Para ello se estructura en tres apartados principales. En primer lugar se definen de forma teórica los aspectos relacionados con el cálculo de la carga térmica en edificios, a fin de facilitar la comprensión de partes sucesivas del proyecto en que se llevan a cabo dichos cálculos así como el diseño del sistema de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado (HVAC) de un edificio. En este apartado se explican las cargas a considerar tanto para sistemas de aire acondicionado como para sistemas de calefacción, que presentan características diferentes. Una vez desarrollado lo anterior, se realiza un estudio detallado acerca de dos de los programas informáticos más utilizados en este tipo de cálculos, el Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) 4.40 de Carrier, y el TRACE 700, de la compañía TRANE. Tras estudiarlos se comparan sus prestaciones y se elige el más adecuado para su empleo en la siguiente parte del proyecto. Por último, se lleva a cabo el diseño del sistema HVAC del edificio eléctrico y de control de una central de generación de tipo ciclo combinado, en el cual se utiliza el software más adecuado y los conocimientos expuestos en la primera parte del proyecto. Finalmente se extraen una serie de conclusiones sobre el diseño de este tipo de sistemas, que tan importantes resultan para el buen funcionamiento de numerosos tipos de edificios. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
This project tries to explain the main aspects in the field of calculation of thermal loads in buildings, as well as in the design of HVAC systems. For that purpose, it is divided in three main sections. Firstly, the main items related to the calculation of thermal loads in buildings are explained from a theoretic point of view, trying to make easier the comprehension of the following parts of the project in which those calculations are carried out. In this section, the loads to consider when designing heating or air conditioning systems are described, as they show different characteristics. Once developed this, a study of two of the main computer programs used in this kind of calculations is done. The programs are Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) 4.40, from Carrier, and TRACE 700, developed by TRANE. After studying them, their performance is compared and the more suitable for the next part of the project is chosen. The last section of the project shows the design of the HVAC system for the electrical and control building of a combined cycle power plant, in which the best of the two programs compared before is used, as well as the knowledge exposed in the first section of the project. Finally, the main conclusions about the design of this kind of systems, that are so important for the correct working of many types of buildings, are shown.
This project tries to explain the main aspects in the field of calculation of thermal loads in buildings, as well as in the design of HVAC systems. For that purpose, it is divided in three main sections. Firstly, the main items related to the calculation of thermal loads in buildings are explained from a theoretic point of view, trying to make easier the comprehension of the following parts of the project in which those calculations are carried out. In this section, the loads to consider when designing heating or air conditioning systems are described, as they show different characteristics. Once developed this, a study of two of the main computer programs used in this kind of calculations is done. The programs are Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) 4.40, from Carrier, and TRACE 700, developed by TRANE. After studying them, their performance is compared and the more suitable for the next part of the project is chosen. The last section of the project shows the design of the HVAC system for the electrical and control building of a combined cycle power plant, in which the best of the two programs compared before is used, as well as the knowledge exposed in the first section of the project. Finally, the main conclusions about the design of this kind of systems, that are so important for the correct working of many types of buildings, are shown.
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Tecnología de la climatización, Cargas térmicas en edificios, Calefacción, Energía eléctrica, Centrales de ciclo combinado