Ruiz-García, M.López Bonilla, Luis FranciscoPrados, A.2023-11-062023-11-062016-11-15Ruiz-García, M., Bonilla, L. L., & Prados, A. (2016). STM-driven transition from rippled to buckled graphene in a spin-membrane model. Physical Review B, 94(20), 205404.2469-9950https://hdl.handle.net/10016/38759We consider a simple spin-membrane model for rippling in graphene. The model exhibits transitions from a flat but rippled membrane to a buckled one. At high temperature the transition is second order, but it is first order at low temperature for appropriate strength of the spin-spin coupling. Driving the system across the first-order phase transition in nonequilibrium conditions that mimic interaction of the graphene membrane with a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tip explains recent experiments. In particular, we observe a reversible behavior for small values of the STM current and an irreversible transition from a flat rippled membrane to a rigid buckled membrane when the current surpasses a critical value. This work makes it possible to test the mechanical properties of graphene under different temperature and electrostatic conditions.8eng© 2016 American Physical SocietyFreestanding grapheneCrystalline orderAtomic-scaleresearch articleBiología y BiomedicinaFísicaIngeniería IndustrialIngeniería MecánicaMatemáticasMaterialesQuímicahttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.205404open access205404-120205404-8Physical Review B94AR/0000018383