Kamo, ShumpeiRosenow, JudithFricke, HartmutSoler Arnedo, Manuel Fernando2024-02-122024-02-122023-07-01Kamo, S., Rosenow, J., Fricke, H., Soler, M. (2023). Robust optimization integrating aircraft trajectory and sequence under weather forecast uncertainty. In: Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies (152), July. 104187 (24p.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.1041870968-090Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/10016/40044Integration of trajectory optimization into sequence optimization is required for next-generation Arrival Managers (AMANs) to support Collaborative Decision-Making (CDM) and implementation of user-preferred 4D trajectories. In addition, considering uncertainty in the optimization is also necessary for making more robust decisions. To achieve these aims, this study proposes a method to integrate the trajectory and sequence of approach aircraft in a single optimization framework and calculate optimal robust solutions against weather forecast uncertainty. This uncertainty is quantified utilizing the ensemble weather forecast and the robust optimizations for trajectory and sequence are formulated in an ensemble approach. To connect the two optimizations, we introduce the so-called performance surfaces, which represent the characteristics of the optimal trajectory. The resulting integrated Trajectory and Sequence (T&S) optimization is a combination of the robust Optimal Control (OC) and Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP). The MINLP problem is relaxed to the corresponding Nonlinear Programming (NLP) problem to reduce computational costs. In the case study, the trajectory and sequence are simultaneously optimized for two different objectives: the maximum throughput at the merging point and the minimum fuel burn while maintaining the inter-aircraft separation.24eng© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 EspañaAircraft SequencingAircraft Trajectory OptimizationArrival Manager (Aman)Weather Forecast UncertaintyEnsemble Weather ForecastStochastic OptimizationIngeniería IndustrialIngeniería MecánicaMedio Ambientehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.104187open access1July24Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies152, 104187AR/0000033709VoR