Dawoud, Kerlos Atia AbdalmalakSantamaría Botello, Gabriel ArturoSuresh, Mallika IreneFalcón Gómez, EndersonRivera Lavado, AlejandroGarcía Muñoz, Luis Enrique2022-06-202022-06-202022-03-21Abdalmalak, K. A., Botello, G. S., Suresh, M. I., Falcón-Gómez, E., Lavado, A. R., & García-Muñoz, L. E. (2022). An Integrated Millimeter-Wave Satellite Radiometer Working at Room-Temperature with High Photon Conversion Efficiency. In Sensors, 22(6), 2400-24131424-3210https://hdl.handle.net/10016/35183In this work, the design of an integrated 183 GHz radiometer frontend for earth observation applications on satellites is presented. By means of the efficient electro-optic modulation of a laser pump with the observed millimeter-wave signal followed by the detection of the generated optical sideband, a room-temperature low-noise receiver frontend alternative to conventional Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) or Schottky mixers is proposed. Efficient millimeter-wave to 1550 nm upconversion is realized via a nonlinear optical process in a triply resonant high-Q Lithium Niobate (LN) Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonator. By engineering a micromachined millimeter-wave cavity that maximizes the overlap with the optical modes while guaranteeing phase matching, the system has a predicted normalized photon-conversion efficiency = 10-1 per mW pump power, surpassing the state-of-the-art by around three orders of magnitude at millimeter-wave frequencies. A piezo-driven millimeter-wave tuning mechanism is designed to compensate for the fabrication and assembly tolerances and reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process.13eng© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Atribución 3.0 EspañaRadiometersWhispering gallery mode (wgm) resonatorsRoom-temperature receiversOptoelectronic upconversionHigh photon conversion efficiencyMillimeter-wave radiationSatelliteEarth observationresearch articleTelecomunicacioneshttps://doi.org/10.3390/s22062400open access240062413Sensors22AR/0000030893