RT Generic T1 The impact of extreme observations in citation distributions A1 Li, Yunrong A1 Ruiz-Castillo, Javier A2 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía, AB This paper studies the role of extremely highly cited articles in two instances: the measurement ofcitation inequality, and mean citation rates. Using a dataset, acquired from Thomson Scientific, consisting of4.4 million articles published in 1998-2003 in 22 broad fields with a five-year citation window, the main resultsare the following. Firstly, both within each of 22 broad fields and in the all-sciences case, citation inequality isstrongly affected by the presence of a handful of extreme observations, particularly when it is measured bycitation inequality indices that are very sensitive to citation differences in the upper tail of citation distributions.Secondly, the impact of extreme observations on citation averages is generally much smaller. The concludingSection includes some practical lessons for students of citation inequality and/or users of high-impactindicators SN 2340-5031 YR 2013 FD 2013-04 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10016/16919 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10016/16919 LA eng NO The authors acknowledge financial support by Santander Universities Global Division of Banco Santander. Ruiz-Castillo also acknowledges financial help from the Spanish MEC through grant ECO2011-29762 DS e-Archivo RD 1 sept. 2024