RT Journal Article T1 Low-Cost Electromagnetic Split-Ring Resonator Sensor System for the Petroleum Industry A1 Rivera Lavado, Alejandro A1 García Lampérez, Alejandro A1 Jara Galán, María Estrella A1 Gallo Valverde, Emilio A1 Sanz, Paula A1 Segovia Vargas, Daniel AB The use of a low-cost split-ring resonator (SRR) passive sensor for the real-time permittivitycharacterization of hydrocarbon fluids is proposed in this paper. The characterization of the sensoris performed through both full-wave simulation and measurements. Thanks to the analysis ofseveral crude samples, the possibility of discrimination between different types of crude and theestimation of several of their properties are demonstrated. Between them, the estimation of sulfur,aromatic hydrocarbons, and salt-water concentrations either in normal ambient conditions or in ahigh-pressure and high-temperature environment can be mentioned. Experiments were run both atnormal ambient conditions and pressures up to 970 bar and temperatures up to 200 °C. PB MDPI AG SN 1424-3210 YR 2022 FD 2022-05 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10016/35036 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10016/35036 LA eng NO This work has been financially supported by the REMO project. DS e-Archivo RD 1 sept. 2024