RT Journal Article T1 The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegardens Star A1 Zechmeister, M. A1 Dreizler, S. A1 Ribas, I. A1 Reiners, A. A1 Caballero, J.A. A1 Bauer, F.F. A1 Bejar, V.J.S. A1 Gonzalez-Cuesta, L. A1 Herrero, E. A1 Lalitha, S. A1 Loez-Gonzalez, M.J. A1 Luque, R. A1 Morales San-Juan, Juan Carlos A1 Palle, E. A1 Rodriguez Senin, Elena A1 Rodriguez Lopez, C. A1 Tal Or, L. A1 Anglada-Escude, G. A1 Quirrenbach, A. A1 Amado, P.J. A1 Abril, M. A1 Aceituno, F.J. A1 Aceituno, J. A1 Alonso-Floriano, F.J. A1 Ammler-Von Eiff, M. A1 Antona Jimenez, R. A1 Anwarnd-Heerwart, H. A1 Arroyo-Torres, B. A1 Azzaro, M. A1 Baroch, D. A1 Barrado Timon, Diego A1 Becerril, S. A1 Benitez, D. A1 Berdiñas, Z.M. A1 Bergond, G. A1 Bluhm, P. A1 Brinkmöller, M. A1 Burgo, C. Del A1 Calvo Ortega, R. A1 Cano, J. A1 Cardona Guillen, C. A1 Carro, J. A1 Carro, Jesús M. A1 Cardenas Vazquez, M.C. A1 Casal, E. A1 Casasayas-Barris, N. A1 Casanova, V. A1 Chaturvedi, P. A1 Cifuentes Cuéllar, Sandra Carolina A1 Claret, A. A1 Colome, J. A1 Cortes-Contreras, M. A1 Csesla, S. A1 Diez-Alonso, E. A1 Dorda, R. A1 Fernandez Gomez, Manuel A1 Fernandez-Martin, A. A1 Fuhrmeister, B. A1 Fukui, A. A1 Galadi-Enriquez, D. A1 Gallardo Cava, I. A1 Garcia De La Fuente, J. A1 Garcia-Piquer, A. A1 Garcia Vargas, M.L. A1 Gesa, L. A1 Gongora Rueda, J. A1 Gonzalez-Alvarez, E. A1 Gonzalez Hernandez, J.I. A1 Gonzalez-Peinado, R. A1 Grözinger, U. A1 Guardia, J. A1 Guijarro, A. A1 Guindos, E. De A1 Hatzes, Ap. A1 Hauschildt, P.H. A1 Hedrosa, R.P. A1 Helmling, J. A1 Tappe, Henning A1 Hermelo, I. A1 Hernandez Arabi, R. A1 Hernandez Castaño, L. A1 Hernandez Otero, F. A1 Hintz, D. A1 Huke, P. A1 Huber, A. A1 Jeffers, S.V. A1 Johnson, E.N. A1 Juan, E. De A1 Kaminski, A. A1 Kemmer, J. A1 Kim, M. A1 Klahr, H. A1 Klein, R. A1 Klüter, J. A1 Klutsch, A. A1 Kossakowski, D. A1 Küster, M. A1 Labarga, F. A1 Llama, M. A1 Lampon, M. A1 Lara, L.M. A1 Launhardt, R. A1 Lazaro, F.J. A1 Lodieu, N. A1 Lopez del Fresno, M. A1 Lopez-Puertas, M. A1 Lopez Salas, J.F. A1 López Santiago, Javier A1 Magan Madinabeitia, H. A1 Mall, U. A1 Mancini, L. A1 Mandel, H. A1 Marfil, E. A1 Marin Molina, J.A. A1 Maroto Fernandez, D. A1 Martin, E.L. A1 Martin-Fernandez, P. A1 Martin-Ruiz, S. A1 Marvin, C.J. A1 Mirabet, E. A1 Ofir, A. A1 Oshagh, M. A1 Monañez-Rodriguez, P. A1 Montes, D. A1 Moreno-Raya, M.E. A1 Nagel, E. A1 Naranjo, V. A1 Narita, N. A1 Nortmann, L. A1 Nowak, G. A1 Panduro, J. A1 Parviainen, H. A1 Pascual Casado, Javier A1 Passegger, V.M. A1 Pavlov, A. A1 Pedraz, S. A1 Perez-Calpena, A. A1 Perez Medialdea, D. A1 Perger, M. A1 Perryman, M.A.C. A1 Rabaza, O. A1 Ramon Ballesta, A. A1 Rebolo Gomez, Rafael A1 Sanchez Blanco, Emilio Jose A1 Sanchez Carrasco, M.A. A1 Sanchez Lopez, Alexis A1 Sanz-Forcada, J. A1 Sarkis, P. A1 Sarmiento, L.F. A1 Schafer, S. A1 Schmitt, J.H.M.M. A1 Schöfer, P. A1 Schweitzer, A. A1 Seifert, W. A1 Shulyak, D. A1 Solano, E. A1 Sota, A. A1 Stock, O. A1 Strachan, J.B.P. A1 Stuber, T. A1 Stürmer, J. A1 Suarez, J.C. A1 Tabernero, H.M. A1 Tala Pinto, M. A1 Trifonov, T. A1 Veredas, G. A1 Vico Linares, J.I. A1 Vilardell, F. A1 Wagner, K A1 Wolthoff, V. A1 Xu, W. A1 Yan, F. A1 Zapatero Osorio, M.R. AB Context. Teegarden’s Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES.Aims. As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden’s Star and analysed them for planetary signals.Methods. We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden’s Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellar brightness variations mimicking planetary signals.Results. We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1 M⊕ minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. No evidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotation and old age.Conclusions. The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cool dwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities. PB EDP Sciences SN 0004-6361 YR 2019 FD 2019-07-01 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10016/34973 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10016/34973 LA eng NO We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” and “María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísicade Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiología (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya through CERCA programme”, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt through grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant 6 94 513, theItalian Ministero dell’instruzione, dell’università de della ricerca and Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and “Mission: Sustainability 2016”, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant 848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 31 80 405, the Mexican CONACYT through grant CVU 4 48 248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grants JP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775. DS e-Archivo RD 1 sept. 2024