RT Journal Article T1 Wholly owned subsidiary versus technology licensing in the worldwide chemical industry A1 Arora, Ashish A1 Fosfuri, Andrea AB This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of the choice between wholly owned subsidiary and technology licensing as a strategy for expansion abroad. We use a new and comprehensive database on worldwide plant level investments in the chemical industry during the 1981-1991 period. We find that both cultural distance and the presence of other potential licensors favor the use of licensing as a strategy for expanding abroad, whereas, prior experience favors the choice of wholly owned subsidiary. An implication of this study is that competition in the market for technology can foster the international diffusion of technology through the use of arm's length agreements. PB Palgrave Macmillan SN 0047-2506 YR 2000 FD 2000 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10016/13457 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10016/13457 LA eng NO Financial support from the European Union through the TSER project No. SOE1-CT97-1059 DS e-Archivo RD 20 may. 2024