RT Journal Article T1 Refinancing short-term debt with a fixed monthly interest rate into funded juros under Philip II: an asiento with the Maluenda brothers A1 Álvarez Nogal, Carlos A1 Chamley, Christophe AB In the fragmented geographical, fiscal, and financial state inherited by Philip II of Spain, while the public debt reached an unprecedented level (50-60 per cent of GDP), the critical refinancing of unfunded asientos into funded juros was operated by merchant-bankers who signed the asientos. This process is illustrated, using abundant archival documentation, by an asiento with the Maluenda brothers in 1595, which provided the Crown with steady monthly cash payments for a year with options to sell juros for two-thirds of the credit, and a monthly rate of 1 per cent on the interim balance. Other examples are provided. PB Wiley SN 0013-0117 YR 2018 FD 2018-01-25 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10016/35173 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10016/35173 LA eng NO Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain). Grant Numbers: Project ECO2012-38028, Project HAR2015-68672-P DS e-Archivo RD 19 sept. 2024