RT Journal Article T1 Toward a Robust Multi-Objective Metaheuristic for Solving the Relay Node Placement Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks A1 Lanza Gutiérrez, José Manuel A1 Caballe, Nuria A1 Gómez-Pulido, Juan A. A1 Crawford, Broderick A1 Soto, Ricardo AB During the last decade, Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted interest due to the excellent monitoring capabilities offered. However, WSNs present shortcomings, such as energy cost and reliability, which hinder real-world applications. As a solution, Relay Node (RN) deployment strategies could help to improve WSNs. This fact is known as the Relay Node Placement Problem (RNPP), which is an NP-hard optimization problem. This paper proposes to address two Multi-Objective (MO) formulations of the RNPP. The first one optimizes average energy cost and average sensitivity area. The second one optimizes the two previous objectives and network reliability. The authors propose to solve the two problems through a wide range of MO metaheuristics from the three main groups in the field: evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence algorithms, and trajectory algorithms. These algorithms are the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2), Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony (MO-ABC), Multi-Objective Firefly Algorithm (MO-FA), Multi-Objective Gravitational Search Algorithm (MO-GSA), and Multi-Objective Variable Neighbourhood Search Algorithm (MO-VNS). The results obtained are statistically analysed to determine if there is a robust metaheuristic to be recommended for solving the RNPP independently of the number of objectives. PB MDPI SN 1424-3210 YR 2019 FD 2019-02-01 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10016/38239 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10016/38239 LA eng NO This research has been partially funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain (Projects MTM2015-63978-P, TIN2016-76259-P, and TEC2017-86722-C4-2-R), Gobierno de Extremadura, Spain (Projects GR15106 and IB16002), and European Union (European Regional Development Funds). Jose M. Lanza-Gutierrez, Juan A. Gomez-Pulido, Broderick Crawford, and Ricardo Soto are supported by Proyecto CORFO Innova-Chile 14ENI2-26905 - Nueva Ingenieria para el 2030. Broderick Crawford is also supported by grant CONICYT/FONDECYT/REGULAR/1171243. Ricardo Soto is also supported by grant CONICYT/FONDECYT/REGULAR/1160455. DS e-Archivo RD 30 jun. 2024