Publication: Open Science por defecto. La nueva normalidad para la investigación
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2021
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
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Este trabajo aborda el nuevo paradigma de la Open Science o ciencia en abierto desde la perspectiva europea, pero destacando su necesario alcance global. Se analiza el concepto, origen y evolución de la Open Science y se discuten sus retos y la demora de su completa implementación. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la Open Science debería de ser el paradigma de comunicación científico por defecto en el siglo XXI. En primer lugar, se revisa el concepto y alcance de Open Science frente a Open Access y en su interacción con Open Knowledge, así como la necesidad de mantener la denominación como «marca». En segundo lugar, se recogen los requisitos, reflexiones y parámetros para hacer de la ciencia un bien común y se describen los retos de la Open Science en Europa, que se han convertido en los principales pilares y/o elementos constitutivos de la ciencia en abierto. Se reflexiona sobre su puesta en práctica, detallando dos aproximaciones: 1) la creación de políticas y estrategias formales a nivel Estados miembros (top-down), y 2) la implementación bottom-up a través de Compromisos Prácticos de Implementación (PCIs). Asimismo, se destacan los problemas reales que alejan a los agentes implicados de protagonizar el cambio sistémico hacia la Open Science. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre el efecto de la COVID-19 que ha corroborado la necesidad urgente de la ciencia en abierto. Este artículo recoge, a modo de ensayo, la experiencia y el trabajo realizado en los últimos cuatro años en la European Open Science Policy Platform, donde la autora ha presidido el segundo mandato desde 2018 a 2020. La autora expone algunas de sus principales teorías en torno a la Open Science y defiende su tesis de los compromisos prácticos de implementación y la confluencia de aproximaciones de prácticas de los agentes implicados y políticas de ciencia abierta, así como su categórica aproximación a la Open Science como marca, actitud y derecho.
This work addresses the new paradigm of Open Science (OS) in Europe but taking into account its global reach. It analyses the origin, scope, and evolution of Open Science along with the policies, recommendations, and conditions for the dissemination of scientific knowledge, discussing the delay in OS’s full implementation. First, the concept and scope of Open Science versus Open Access and its interaction with Open Knowledge/Scholarship is reviewed, as well as the need to maintain the name as a «brand». Second, we describe the requirements, reflections, and parameters to make science a common good. Also reviewed are the challenges of Open Science in Europe, which have become the main pillars and/or constituent elements of Open Science. The implementation of Open Science is discussed detailing two approaches: 1) the creation of formal policies and strategies at Member State level (top-down), and 2) the bottom-up implementation by stakeholders through Practical Commitments for Implementation (PCIs). Likewise, the real problems that prevent stakeholders from leading systemic change towards Open Science are highlighted. Finally, the paper reflects on the effect of COVID-19, which has underlined the urgent need for Open Science. This article gathers, as an essay, the experience and work carried out over the last four years in the European Open Science Policy Platform, where the author has been chair in the second mandate of the platform (2018-2020), as well as some of the main theories and developments of Open Science, while reflecting the state of the art at the end of the Horizon2020 European framework program.
This work addresses the new paradigm of Open Science (OS) in Europe but taking into account its global reach. It analyses the origin, scope, and evolution of Open Science along with the policies, recommendations, and conditions for the dissemination of scientific knowledge, discussing the delay in OS’s full implementation. First, the concept and scope of Open Science versus Open Access and its interaction with Open Knowledge/Scholarship is reviewed, as well as the need to maintain the name as a «brand». Second, we describe the requirements, reflections, and parameters to make science a common good. Also reviewed are the challenges of Open Science in Europe, which have become the main pillars and/or constituent elements of Open Science. The implementation of Open Science is discussed detailing two approaches: 1) the creation of formal policies and strategies at Member State level (top-down), and 2) the bottom-up implementation by stakeholders through Practical Commitments for Implementation (PCIs). Likewise, the real problems that prevent stakeholders from leading systemic change towards Open Science are highlighted. Finally, the paper reflects on the effect of COVID-19, which has underlined the urgent need for Open Science. This article gathers, as an essay, the experience and work carried out over the last four years in the European Open Science Policy Platform, where the author has been chair in the second mandate of the platform (2018-2020), as well as some of the main theories and developments of Open Science, while reflecting the state of the art at the end of the Horizon2020 European framework program.
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Open Science, Ciencia en Abierto, Política Científica, Acceso Abierto, Conocimiento Abierto, Covid-19, Europa Open Science, Scientific Policy, Open Access, Open, Knowledge, Covid-19, Europe
Bibliographic citation
Arbor. Cultura, Pensamiento y Cultura. Vol. 197, N. 799 (2021)