Publication: Mapa estratégico de ruido de Arroyo de la Luz
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2015
Defense date
2015-02-19
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Abstract
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) el ruido se ha venido considerando como una amenaza menor para los problemas de salud de las personas. Sin embargo, los estudios llevados a cabo durante los últimos años ponen de manifiesto la correlación entre la exposición al ruido y sus efectos nocivos sobre la salud humana a corto y largo plazo.
El ruido se ha convertido en una fuente de contaminación ambiental y cada vez más personas empiezan a quejarse de las molestias que éste provoca. Como ejemplo, la OMS recomienda unos niveles de inmisión inferiores a 30 dB con ponderación A (dBA) en los dormitorios para conseguir un sueño de calidad (OMS, 1999). Esto contrasta con el 30% de los habitantes de la UE que están sometidos a niveles que sobrepasan los 55 dBA durante la noche.
La mayoría de los estudios realizados apuntan al tráfico rodado como la principal fuente de ruido. En situaciones puntuales las molestias provocadas por el ruido proceden de zonas de ocio, paso de ferrocarriles, cercanía de aeropuertos, zonas industriales, etc. Todas estas fuentes de ruido y los problemas de salud asociados a ellas han generado una creciente preocupación por parte de las autoridades europeas. Se ha propuesto, por tanto, reducir los niveles de contaminación acústica dentro de la Unión.
Uno de los pasos necesarios para llevar a cabo esta tarea es conocer la situación acústica real (o la más aproximada posible) de las distintas ciudades europeas. Por ello, la creación de Mapas de Ruido y/o Mapas de Ruido Estratégicos (MER) de las ciudades se ha convertido en una prioridad. En la Directiva Europea de 2002 (2002/49/CE) se establecen las bases para la armonización, métodos de cálculos y evaluación y requisitos mínimos de los MER.
El presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera pretende mostrar el estado del arte de la realización de los MER, los distintos documentos legislativos que intervienen en su elaboración, los distintos tipos de muestreo espacial existentes en la actualidad y la realización efectiva del mapa estratégico de ruido de la localidad de Arroyo de la Luz (Cáceres).
Noise has been considered as a minor threat to the human health according to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, conducted researches during last years bring to the fore the existing correlation between noise exposure and its negative effects on human health both short and long term. Noise has become a source of environmental pollution and more and more people are starting to complain about the nuisances it provokes. As an example, WHO recommends immission levels lower than 30 dBA inside bedrooms in order to achieve a quality sleep time (OMS, 1999). This contrasts with 30% of EU inhabitants suffering levels above 55 dBA during night. Most studies refer to road traffic as the main noise source. Nuisance provoked by noise come in specific situations from leisure areas, railway passages, close airports, industrial areas, etc. All these noise sources and its associated health problems have created a growing concern from European authorities. Thus, reducing acoustical pollution within the European Union has been proposed. One necessary step in order to achieve this task requires knowing the real acoustical situation (or the closest to this) in the European cities. Hence, the creation of Noise Maps or Strategic Noise Maps of cities has become a priority. The Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/CE) is the norm by which basis for harmonization, calculating and evaluating methods and minimum requirements for Strategic Noise Maps are established. This Bachelor Thesis pretends to show the state of the art in developing noise mapping, legislative documentation related to its elaboration, different spatial sampling currently used and the effective realization of the Strategic Noise Map of Arroyo de la Luz (Cáceres).
Noise has been considered as a minor threat to the human health according to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, conducted researches during last years bring to the fore the existing correlation between noise exposure and its negative effects on human health both short and long term. Noise has become a source of environmental pollution and more and more people are starting to complain about the nuisances it provokes. As an example, WHO recommends immission levels lower than 30 dBA inside bedrooms in order to achieve a quality sleep time (OMS, 1999). This contrasts with 30% of EU inhabitants suffering levels above 55 dBA during night. Most studies refer to road traffic as the main noise source. Nuisance provoked by noise come in specific situations from leisure areas, railway passages, close airports, industrial areas, etc. All these noise sources and its associated health problems have created a growing concern from European authorities. Thus, reducing acoustical pollution within the European Union has been proposed. One necessary step in order to achieve this task requires knowing the real acoustical situation (or the closest to this) in the European cities. Hence, the creation of Noise Maps or Strategic Noise Maps of cities has become a priority. The Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/CE) is the norm by which basis for harmonization, calculating and evaluating methods and minimum requirements for Strategic Noise Maps are established. This Bachelor Thesis pretends to show the state of the art in developing noise mapping, legislative documentation related to its elaboration, different spatial sampling currently used and the effective realization of the Strategic Noise Map of Arroyo de la Luz (Cáceres).
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Contaminación acústica, CadnaA, Política del medio ambiente, Mapas de Ruido Estratégicos (MER)