Publication: Diseño y desarrollo de una pasarela de interoperabilidad 802.15.4/802.3 para aplicaciones de sensores
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2008
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2009-01-30
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Abstract
En los últimos años, las redes de sensores inalámbricas o WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks)
están ganando importancia en el sector de las telecomunicaciones debido a sus muchas y muy
variadas aplicaciones. Se trata de redes de dimensiones reducidas, que requieren anchos de
banda escasos, bajo consumo y bajo coste de despliegue y mantenimiento.
Para promocionar y potenciar la incorporación de este tipo de redes al mercado de forma competitiva,
el IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc) ha definido la familia
de estándares 802.15, relacionados con los níveles físico y de control de acceso al medio (MAC,
Media Access Control).
Por otra parte, en el ”mundo Internet”puede apreciarse una clara tendencia a adoptar IP como
protocolo de nivel de red, tanto en las redes troncales y de acceso cableadas, en las que
no supone una novedad, como en las redes de acceso inalámbrico. Dentro de las muchas tecnologías a nivel físico y de enlace utilizadas para acceder a Internet destaca Ethernet (definido
en la familia de estándares IEEE 802.3), debido a las altas prestaciones y amplio despliegue de
las redes de área local o LANs (Local Area Networks).
Sin embargo, no parece viable implantar IP en las WSNs debido a las restricciones que presentan,
por lo que resulta evidente la necesidad de un elemento que conecte ambos mundos,
permitiendo monitorizar, controlar y gestionar este tipo de redes desde cualquier dispositivo
con acceso a Internet (ordenador, teléfono móvil, PDA ...).
El objetivo de este trabajo es, precisamente, diseñar y desarrollar una pasarela 802.15.4/802.3
para la interoperabilidad de entornos de redes de sensores y redes IP.
En particular, el presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera se ha desarrollado en el ámbito del proyecto
LoRIS (Localización en Redes Inalámbricas para aplicaciones Sociosanitarias) financiado
por el Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio mediante el programa TRACTOR (FIT-
330211-2006-6), cuyo principal objetivo es desarrollar un sistema que permita monitorizar y
mantener controlada la posición de los pacientes de un centro sociosanitario de forma centralizada.
Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become increasingly important in the telecommunication industry because of their wide range of applications. WSNs are small networks that require low bandwidth, low power consumption, and low deployment and maintenance costs. In order to promote and encourage the incorporation of such networks in a competitive market, the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) has defined the 802.15 family of standards that deal with the Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layers. Moreover, the world of Internet seems to tend to an all-IP environment where the core and the wired access networks as well as the wireless access networks will use IP as network protocol. Standing out among the many technologies in the physical and link layers used to access the Internet is Ethernet (defined in the family of standards IEEE 802.3), due to the high performance and wide deployment of Local Area Networks (LANs). However, IP cannot be deployed in WSNs due to their limitations. Therefore, an element that connects both worlds is needed, so that WSNs may be monitored, controlled and managed from any device that supports Internet access (laptop, mobile phone, PDA, etc.). The main goal of this work is precisely to design and develop a 802.15.4/802.3 gateway that enables WSNs and IP networks to interact. In particular, this Final Thesis has been developed within the project LORIS (Localizaci´on en Redes Inal´ambricas para aplicaciones Sociosanitarias), funded by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade through the program TRACTOR (FIT-330211-2006-6). The main objective of this project consists of developing a centralized system to monitor and track patient location within health center buildings.
Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become increasingly important in the telecommunication industry because of their wide range of applications. WSNs are small networks that require low bandwidth, low power consumption, and low deployment and maintenance costs. In order to promote and encourage the incorporation of such networks in a competitive market, the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) has defined the 802.15 family of standards that deal with the Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layers. Moreover, the world of Internet seems to tend to an all-IP environment where the core and the wired access networks as well as the wireless access networks will use IP as network protocol. Standing out among the many technologies in the physical and link layers used to access the Internet is Ethernet (defined in the family of standards IEEE 802.3), due to the high performance and wide deployment of Local Area Networks (LANs). However, IP cannot be deployed in WSNs due to their limitations. Therefore, an element that connects both worlds is needed, so that WSNs may be monitored, controlled and managed from any device that supports Internet access (laptop, mobile phone, PDA, etc.). The main goal of this work is precisely to design and develop a 802.15.4/802.3 gateway that enables WSNs and IP networks to interact. In particular, this Final Thesis has been developed within the project LORIS (Localizaci´on en Redes Inal´ambricas para aplicaciones Sociosanitarias), funded by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade through the program TRACTOR (FIT-330211-2006-6). The main objective of this project consists of developing a centralized system to monitor and track patient location within health center buildings.
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Keywords
Protocolos de comunicación, Redes de sensores inalámbricas, Interoperabilidad, Redes de comunicación