Publication: El rol de la televisión pública en la comunicación de los movimientos sociales
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2021-12-23
Defense date
2021-09-24
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Abstract
La presente investigación realiza una comparativa entre la televisión pública chilena a través de en su señal abierta -Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN)-, y la Televisión Pública Española (TVE1), a fin de determinar si la televisión pública cumple su rol de servicio público entregando información de calidad que dé cuenta de un pluralismo interno del medio de comunicación, en relación con la cobertura de las manifestaciones feministas y de pensiones entre los años 2016-2019. Para ello se realizó una investigación de tipo mixta, cuantitativa y cualitativa, con un alcance descriptivo – explicativo y diseño explicativo secuencial de las piezas audiovisuales seleccionadas para el estudio. El universo de esta investigación corresponde a los 2.772 noticieros centrales de TVN y TVE1; el resultado fue en el caso del movimiento feminista la visualización de 913 piezas informativas de TVE y 563 de TVN mientras que en el caso del movimiento de pensiones la visualización de 75 piezas informativas de TVE y 184 de TVN. En una primera etapa se elaboró una matriz que permitió establecer los hitos de la transmisión televisiva, que posibilitara fijar el primer nivel de la agenda setting y que posteriormente sirvió para determinar el framing de las noticias. En una segunda etapa, se realizó un análisis cuantitativo basado en una matriz de vaciado de datos con ocho grandes tópicos como: relevancia para el estudio, relevancia de la noticia, objetividad y pluralismo, lenguaje de la noticia, estilo, características audiovisuales, calidad en la entrega informativa y ética periodística. En una tercera etapa, se realizó un Análisis Crítico del Discurso de los textos periodísticos a partir de una muestra seleccionada y en una cuarta etapa, se realizó un análisis plano a plano con el fin de complementar el análisis cuantitativo. Los resultados de esta investigación apuntan a que los dos medios de comunicación aspiran al pluralismo interno en la entrega informativa a través de la diversidad de fuentes que utiliza, pero no así en los de puntos de vista como tampoco en la neutralidad en la entrega de la información, ni tampoco en la valoración que hacen de la protesta y en cuál es la consecuencia de los hechos. En este caso concreto, se puede establecer que los resultados apuntan a que TVE1 tiende a cumplir un rol de servicio público entregando información con mayor pluralismo interno que TVN. El medio de comunicación chileno tiende a mostrarse contrario al sistema de Administradora de Fondos de Pensiones, AFP, y a favor de las protestas sociales, entrega detalles donde caracteriza a los manifestantes al mismo tiempo que plantea el problema, pero no se cuestiona las soluciones que se podría alcanzar.
This research compares the Chilean public television through its open signal -Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN) -, and Televisión Pública Española (TVE1), to determine if public television fulfills its role of public service by delivering quality information that accounts for an internal pluralism of the media, concerning the coverage of feminist and pension protests between the years 2016-2019. For this purpose, mixed - quantitative and qualitative - research was conducted, with a descriptive - explanatory scope and sequential explanatory design of the audiovisual pieces selected for the study. The universe of this investigation corresponds to the 2,772 main newscasts of TVN and TVE1. In the case of the feminist movement, the result was the viewing of 913 news pieces from TVE and 563 from TVN, while in the case of the pension movement, the viewing of 75 news pieces from TVE and 184 from TVN. First, a matrix was developed that allowed establishing the milestones of television broadcasting, which made it possible to define the first level of the agenda-setting, which later served to determine the framing of the news. In a second stage, a quantitative analysis was carried out based on a data matrix with eight main topics such as relevance for the study, the relevance of the news, objectivity and pluralism, language of the news, style, audiovisual characteristics, quality in informative delivery, and journalistic ethics. A Critical Discourse Analysis of the journalistic texts was carried out from a selected sample in a third stage. In the fourth stage, a shot-by-shot analysis was conducted to complement the quantitative analysis. The results of this research suggest that the two media aspire to internal pluralism in the delivery of information through the diversity of sources it uses, but not in terms of points of view or neutrality in the delivery of the information, nor in their assessment of the protest and what is the consequence of the events. In this specific case, it can be established that the results suggest that TVE1 tends to fulfill a public service role, delivering information with greater internal pluralism than TVN. The Chilean media tends to be against the system of the Association of Pension Funds, AFP, and in favor of social protests, provides details where it characterizes the protesters at the same time that it raises the problem, but does not question the solutions that are could reach.
This research compares the Chilean public television through its open signal -Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN) -, and Televisión Pública Española (TVE1), to determine if public television fulfills its role of public service by delivering quality information that accounts for an internal pluralism of the media, concerning the coverage of feminist and pension protests between the years 2016-2019. For this purpose, mixed - quantitative and qualitative - research was conducted, with a descriptive - explanatory scope and sequential explanatory design of the audiovisual pieces selected for the study. The universe of this investigation corresponds to the 2,772 main newscasts of TVN and TVE1. In the case of the feminist movement, the result was the viewing of 913 news pieces from TVE and 563 from TVN, while in the case of the pension movement, the viewing of 75 news pieces from TVE and 184 from TVN. First, a matrix was developed that allowed establishing the milestones of television broadcasting, which made it possible to define the first level of the agenda-setting, which later served to determine the framing of the news. In a second stage, a quantitative analysis was carried out based on a data matrix with eight main topics such as relevance for the study, the relevance of the news, objectivity and pluralism, language of the news, style, audiovisual characteristics, quality in informative delivery, and journalistic ethics. A Critical Discourse Analysis of the journalistic texts was carried out from a selected sample in a third stage. In the fourth stage, a shot-by-shot analysis was conducted to complement the quantitative analysis. The results of this research suggest that the two media aspire to internal pluralism in the delivery of information through the diversity of sources it uses, but not in terms of points of view or neutrality in the delivery of the information, nor in their assessment of the protest and what is the consequence of the events. In this specific case, it can be established that the results suggest that TVE1 tends to fulfill a public service role, delivering information with greater internal pluralism than TVN. The Chilean media tends to be against the system of the Association of Pension Funds, AFP, and in favor of social protests, provides details where it characterizes the protesters at the same time that it raises the problem, but does not question the solutions that are could reach.
Description
Mención Internacional en el título de doctor
Keywords
televisión pública, tratamiento informativo, movmientos sociales, pensiones, feminismo, public television, social movements, pensions, feminism, informative treatment