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Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems

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dc.affiliation.dptoUC3M. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicacioneses
dc.contributor.authorMuqdad, Zainab S
dc.contributor.authorAlibakhshikenari, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorElwi, Taha. A
dc.contributor.authorAbdul Hassain, Zaid A.
dc.contributor.authorVirdee, Bal. S.
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Richa
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Salahuddin
dc.contributor.authorTürker Tokan, Nurhan
dc.contributor.authorLivreri, Patrizia
dc.contributor.authorFalcone, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorLimiti, Ernesto
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)es
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-08T13:39:40Z
dc.date.available2024-02-08T13:39:40Z
dc.date.issued2023-07
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents a novel microwave sensor using optical activation for measuring in real-time the water contamination in crude oil or its derivatives. The sensor is constructed from an end-coupled microstrip resonator that is interconnected to two pairs of identical fractal structures based on Moore curves. Electromagnetic (EM) interaction between the fractal curves is mitigated using a T-shaped microstrip-stub to enhance the performance of the sensor. The gap in one pair of fractal curves is loaded with light dependent resistors (LDR) and the other pair with microwave chip capacitors. The chip capacitors were used to increase the EM coupling between the fractal gaps to realize a high Q-factor resonator that determines the sensitivity of the sensor. Empirical results presented here show that the insertion-loss of the sensor is affected by the change in LDR impedance when illuminated by light. This property is used to determine the amount of water contaminated oil. The sensitivity of the sensor was optimized using commercial 3D EM solver. The measurements were made by placing a 30 mm diameter petri dish holding the sample on top of the sensor. The petri dish was filled up to a height of 10 mm with the sample of water contaminated crude oil, and the measurements were done in the range between 0.76 GHz and 1.2 GHz. The Q-factor of the oil sample with no water contamination was 70 and the Q-factor declined to 20 for 100% contamination. The error in the measurements was less than 0.024%. The sensor has dimensions of 0.127λo × 0.127λo × 0.004 λo and represents a new modality. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed sensor is simple to use, readily portable and is more sensitive.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors also sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Gobierno de Espana (Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR. Besides above, the Article Processing Charge (APC) was afforded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2023).en
dc.format.extent18es
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationMuqdad, Z. S., Alibakhshikenari, M., Elwi, T. A., Abdul Hassain, Z. A., Virdee, Bal. S., Sharma, R., Khan, S., Türker Tokan, N., Livreri, P., Falcone, F., & Limiti, E. (2023). Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 166, p. 154652es
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154652
dc.identifier.issn1434-8411
dc.identifier.publicationtitleAEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communicationsen
dc.identifier.publicationvolume166es
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10016/39963
dc.identifier.uxxiAR/0000033708
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherElsevieres
dc.relation.projectIDGobierno de España. PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDORes
dc.rights© 2023 The Author(s)es
dc.rightsAtribución 3.0 España*
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/*
dc.subject.ecienciaTelecomunicacioneses
dc.subject.otherBeam steeringen
dc.subject.otherFractal geometriesen
dc.subject.otherMetasurfaceen
dc.subject.otherPatch antennaen
dc.subject.otherPhotonic systemsen
dc.subject.otherReconfigurable devicesen
dc.titlePhotonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systemsen
dc.typeresearch articleen
dc.type.hasVersionVoRen
dspace.entity.typePublication
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