Publication: Estudio en régimen transitorio de plantas solares térmicas de propósito múltiple : aplicación al diseño de instalaciones concebidas para agua caliente sanitaria
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2010-01
Defense date
2010-01-25
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Abstract
Ante la necesidad de reducir el consumo de energía primaria en las instalaciones térmicas del sector terciario, se plantea la conveniencia de atender la demanda de agua caliente sanitaria con fuentes renovables. Los beneficios que se pueden obtener de esta medida son la reducción de la dependencia externa en términos de energía primaria fósil, además del correspondiente ahorro energético, económico y de impacto ambiental para el usuario final. Ante la aprobación del Código Técnico de la Edificación en 2006, a partir de la cual resulta obligatorio el uso de instalaciones solares térmicas en los edificios residenciales de nueva construcción o en grandes remodelaciones de edificios antiguos, para el abastecimiento de una fracción de la demanda de agua caliente sanitaria, resulta conveniente el estudio en profundidad de este tipo de instalaciones bajo condiciones reales de funcionamiento. En esta tesis se analiza el comportamiento de instalaciones de este tipo empleando herramientas teóricas y experimentales, cara a evaluar y predecir sus actuaciones en régimen transitorio. Utilizando los datos experimentales obtenidos de una instalación solar térmica ubicada en el Campus de la Universidad configurada para la aplicación de agua caliente sanitaria, entre otras. A partir de la base de datos elaborada a partir de medidas experimentales de temperatura y caudal de los principales elementos del circuito y de las variables de una estación meteorológica tomadas en intervalos de tiempo de 10 minutos se han podido conseguir el principal objetivo planteado, consistente en la descripción detallada del comportamiento real de la instalación. Siendo de gran utilidad estos valores para validar experimentalmente los programas de simulación desarrollados, capaces de describir instantáneamente tanto las actuaciones de la instalación solar de agua caliente sanitaria completa, como de sus componentes principales. Se hace especial énfasis en la caracterización de los captadores solares en régimen transitorio bajo condiciones reales de operación. Utilizando dicha herramienta se han estudiado diferentes configuraciones, lo que ha permitido predecir tanto las prestaciones energéticas como la viabilidad económica de dichas instalaciones. Los resultados del estudio se aplican al diseño de instalaciones solares para ACS, en el marco del CTE. Del estudio se obtienen valores óptimos de superficie de captación y de volumen del acumulador térmico, para las condiciones climáticas de Madrid.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The use of renewable energy sources has become the key role to attend the domestic hot water demand in the residential sector. This kind of energy allows to reduce the primary energy consumption in this sector and to lessen the external dependence on fossil primary energy, besides of the energy and economic savings and environmental impact reduction achieved. After the Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE) approval, a new construction code which obliges any new construction or renovation project to cover a portion of the domestic hot water demand by solar thermal energy, it seems convenient to study deeply this kind of facilities working under real conditions. This Ph.D. thesis analyses the behavior of these solar facilities using theoretical and experimental tools, in order to evaluate and predict their performance under transient conditions. Experimental data from a solar thermal facility placed at University Campus, for the purpose of domestic hot water, have been used. The database consists of experimental measures of temperatures and flows in the main facility components and the environmental data from a meteorological station placed besides the facility taken each 10 minutes. The main goal of this work consists in a detailed description of the real performance of a solar thermal facility and it was achieved analyzing this database, apart from using it to experimentally validate the simulation models developed. These simulation models are able to describe instantly not only the performance of the domestic hot water facility in a whole but also the one of the major components separately. The focus is stressed in the characterization of solar thermal collector behavior under transient real working conditions. The facility simulation model has been used to study different configurations. This has enabled to anticipatethe energy and economical viability of this kind of facilities. The results of this study are applied to the design of solar thermal facilities for domestic hot water, under the CTE code rules. Optimal values for collector surface and storage tank volume are obtained for Madrid environmental conditions.
The use of renewable energy sources has become the key role to attend the domestic hot water demand in the residential sector. This kind of energy allows to reduce the primary energy consumption in this sector and to lessen the external dependence on fossil primary energy, besides of the energy and economic savings and environmental impact reduction achieved. After the Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE) approval, a new construction code which obliges any new construction or renovation project to cover a portion of the domestic hot water demand by solar thermal energy, it seems convenient to study deeply this kind of facilities working under real conditions. This Ph.D. thesis analyses the behavior of these solar facilities using theoretical and experimental tools, in order to evaluate and predict their performance under transient conditions. Experimental data from a solar thermal facility placed at University Campus, for the purpose of domestic hot water, have been used. The database consists of experimental measures of temperatures and flows in the main facility components and the environmental data from a meteorological station placed besides the facility taken each 10 minutes. The main goal of this work consists in a detailed description of the real performance of a solar thermal facility and it was achieved analyzing this database, apart from using it to experimentally validate the simulation models developed. These simulation models are able to describe instantly not only the performance of the domestic hot water facility in a whole but also the one of the major components separately. The focus is stressed in the characterization of solar thermal collector behavior under transient real working conditions. The facility simulation model has been used to study different configurations. This has enabled to anticipatethe energy and economical viability of this kind of facilities. The results of this study are applied to the design of solar thermal facilities for domestic hot water, under the CTE code rules. Optimal values for collector surface and storage tank volume are obtained for Madrid environmental conditions.
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Keywords
Energía solar, Agua caliente sanitaria