Publication: Bergadanas, continuas y mules. Tres geografías de la hilatura del algodón en Cataluña (1790-1830)
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2004
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Fundación SEPI: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales: Instituto Laureano Figuerola
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Abstract
En este artículo se constata que en la etapa poco estudiada de la industrialización en Cataluña que tuvo lugar entre 1790 y 1830 hubo tres geografías hiladoras diferenciadas y complementarias: una hilatura manual de bergadana en la Cataluña interior; una hilatura de continua en Manresa y pueblos de los alrededores; y una hilatura de la mule-jenny de madera en Barcelona y en los pueblos de la costa del Maresme. Cada una de estas zonas utilizaba un determinado tipo de energía, producía un modelo de hilo característico, tenía niveles salariales propios, estructuras de tejidos específicas, etc. Las tres zonas coexistieron y se complementaron hasta que en los años treinta se introdujeron nuevas máquinas que provocaron importantes cambios organizativos en todas ellas. Se acaba analizando el caso de Sallent, típico de la hilatura de bergadanas, y el de Manresa, de hilatura de continuas.
This article verifies the existence of three different and complementary geographies in the 1790-1830 period, a stage in the Catalan industrialization process that has deserved little attention among historians. The first one, of manual spinning by means of an improved jenny –locally named bergadana– in inner Catalonia; a second one of improved water-frame spinning in Manresa and the surrounding villages; and, finally, a third one of wood mule-jenny in Barcelona and some towns of the seaside district of the Maresme. These three areas were characterized by using distinctive power sources and producing different types of thread; they also had different wage levels; but they were complementary until the 1830’s when the introduction of new mechanical instruments required important and innovative organization changes. The article ends with two analitical case studies: Sallent as a typical example of manual spinning, and Manresa as a case of water frame spinning.
This article verifies the existence of three different and complementary geographies in the 1790-1830 period, a stage in the Catalan industrialization process that has deserved little attention among historians. The first one, of manual spinning by means of an improved jenny –locally named bergadana– in inner Catalonia; a second one of improved water-frame spinning in Manresa and the surrounding villages; and, finally, a third one of wood mule-jenny in Barcelona and some towns of the seaside district of the Maresme. These three areas were characterized by using distinctive power sources and producing different types of thread; they also had different wage levels; but they were complementary until the 1830’s when the introduction of new mechanical instruments required important and innovative organization changes. The article ends with two analitical case studies: Sallent as a typical example of manual spinning, and Manresa as a case of water frame spinning.
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Cataluña, Industria textil, Tecnología, Bergadanas, Continuas, Mules, Catalonia, Textil Industry, Technology, Jennys, Water frame
Bibliographic citation
Revista de Historia Económica Año XXII verano 2004 n. 2 pp. 337-386