Publication: Sistema de instrumentación para la medida de emisiones acústicas en estructuras aeronáuticas
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2015-09
Defense date
2015-10-05
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Abstract
La confianza en el estado de deterioro de los materiales en una estructura aeronáutica se basa en el diagnóstico del envejecimiento en dichos materiales. Los elementos diseñados con el fin de formar parte de una aeronave son de un alto valor capital y han de proporcionar una confianza total, y por tanto, tener la capacidad de ejecutar análisis en profundidad de todos los elementos resulta totalmente necesario. Debido al envejecimiento de los materiales, se produce la aparición de impulsos con frecuencias asociadas a los ultrasonidos. Estos sucesos se estudian mediante la técnica de inspección denominada Emisión Acústica (EA).
Por lo general, el estudio de EA requiere tomar en consideración múltiples sucesos. Sin embargo, se escogen los parámetros más representativos para la realización de una base de datos con la que poder realizar un estudio de mayor alcance. Con el fin de obtener todos los datos necesarios, los sistemas electrónicos que se diseñan incluyen un sensor piezoeléctrico que mediante la energía mecánica que está actuando sobre la estructura nos proporciona una señal eléctrica. Dicha señal es acondicionada (amplificación y filtrado, cuanto menos) para proporcionar la información que se desea obtener.
El presente proyecto relata cómo ha sido el diseño de un sistema electrónico que sirva para el estudio de Emsión Acústica en estructuras con fines aeronáuticos. Se trata de un sistema con 2 canales que filtrará y amplificará la señal eléctrica proporcionada por un sensor piezoeléctrico. El filtro diseñado actuará dentro de un rango de frecuencias perteneciente a los ultrasonidos para un correcto estudio de Emisión Acústica. La etapa de amplificación será variable de forma fácil y cómoda acorde con distintos grados de sensibilidad de los sensores piezoeléctricos.
Confidence in the condition of deterioration of the materials in an aeronautical structure is based on the diagnosis of the wear on the above mentioned materials. The elements designed in order to form a part of an aircraft are of a high cardinal value and have to provide a total confidence, and therefore, to have the aptitude to execute analysis in depth of all the elements turns out to be totally necessary. Due to the aging of the materials, it is common that produce impulses with frequencies associated with the ultrasounds. These events are studied by means of the technology of inspection named Acoustic Emission (AE). In general, EA's study needs to take in consideration multiple events. Nevertheless, the most representative parameters are chosen for the accomplishment of a database with which to be able to realize a study of major scope. In order to obtain all the necessary information, the electronic systems that are designed you include a piezoelectric sensor that by means of the mechanical energy that is acting on the structure provides an electrical sign to us. The above mentioned sign is conditioned (amplification and filtering, as minimum) to provide the information that is wanted to obtain. The present project reports how it has been the design of an electronic system that serves as base of a system of great more importance and that serves for the study of Acoustic Emission in structures with aeronautical ends. The designed system will be composed by 2 channels that will filtering and amplify the electrical sign provided by a piezoelectric sensor (one for channel). The designed filter will act in a range of frequencies inside the ultrasounds and like that serve to realize a correct study of Acoustic Emission. The stage of amplification will be a variable of easy and comfortable form according to different degrees of sensibility of the piezoelectric sensors.
Confidence in the condition of deterioration of the materials in an aeronautical structure is based on the diagnosis of the wear on the above mentioned materials. The elements designed in order to form a part of an aircraft are of a high cardinal value and have to provide a total confidence, and therefore, to have the aptitude to execute analysis in depth of all the elements turns out to be totally necessary. Due to the aging of the materials, it is common that produce impulses with frequencies associated with the ultrasounds. These events are studied by means of the technology of inspection named Acoustic Emission (AE). In general, EA's study needs to take in consideration multiple events. Nevertheless, the most representative parameters are chosen for the accomplishment of a database with which to be able to realize a study of major scope. In order to obtain all the necessary information, the electronic systems that are designed you include a piezoelectric sensor that by means of the mechanical energy that is acting on the structure provides an electrical sign to us. The above mentioned sign is conditioned (amplification and filtering, as minimum) to provide the information that is wanted to obtain. The present project reports how it has been the design of an electronic system that serves as base of a system of great more importance and that serves for the study of Acoustic Emission in structures with aeronautical ends. The designed system will be composed by 2 channels that will filtering and amplify the electrical sign provided by a piezoelectric sensor (one for channel). The designed filter will act in a range of frequencies inside the ultrasounds and like that serve to realize a correct study of Acoustic Emission. The stage of amplification will be a variable of easy and comfortable form according to different degrees of sensibility of the piezoelectric sensors.
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Keywords
Instrumentación, Estructuras aeronáuticas, Emisiones acústicas, Ultrasonidos, Sensores piezoeléctricos, Instrumentation, Aeronautical structures, Acoustic emissions, Ultrasounds, Piezoelectric sensors