Publication: Modelo numérico de una unidad vertebral funcional humana
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2015-06
Defense date
2015-07-09
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Abstract
En este trabajo se realiza un estudio de la columna vertebral, más concretamente del conjunto vértebra + disco intervertebral + vértebra, correspondiente a las vértebras L3, L4 y su disco intervertebral. El estudio va dirigido a determinar el riesgo de fractura del disco intervertebral cuando se levanta una carga con diferentes posiciones de la columna vertebral, ya sea flexionada, extendida...
Las propiedades del disco intervertebral son analizadas cuando éste se encuentra sano y degenerado, y así determinar cómo afecta a la posibilidad de rotura.
Para poder analizar los resultados se realiza una introducción teórica con los principales conceptos sobre la columna vertebral y, más concretamente, sobre las vértebras y el disco intervertebral. Esta introducción presta especial atención a las enfermedades que se suelen manifestarr en la columna vertebral.
Todas los cálculos y los resultados se obtienen con el programa ABAQUS, que usa el método de elementos finitos para realizar sus operaciones, por lo que se desarrolla una explicación sobre el funcionamiento de ambos.
Todos los procedimientos llevados a cabo para resolver este estudio son explicados detalladamente, junto con la interpretación y las conclusiones de dichos análisis.
Para terminar, se presentan las posibles aplicaciones que podría tener el trabajo en investigaciones futuras, también se realiza un análisis de los costes que ha supuesto su realización.
This work presents a study of the spinal column, in particular the union of a vertebrae + intervertebral disc + vertebrae, this refers to vertebrae L3, L4 and their intervertebral disc. In this study the risk of fracture in the intervertebral disc is studied when the spinal column raise a load in different positions, flexed, extended.... The properties of the intervertebral disc is analyzed when it is sane and degenerated to see how affect that to the possibility of fault. In order to analyze the results, a theoretical introduction is made with the main information of the spinal column, and more specifically on the vertebrae and the intervertebral disc. This introduction gives a special attention to the diseases that usually suffers the spinal column. All calculations and results are obtained from the program ABAQUS which use the finite elements to make his operations, so, an explanation about their performance of both is made in this study. All the process in order to carry out a resolution of this study are explained carefully with the interpretations and the conclusions of the analysis. To sum up all the possible applications which this work could have in future investigations are presented, in addition to an analysis of the cost that this work have supposed.
This work presents a study of the spinal column, in particular the union of a vertebrae + intervertebral disc + vertebrae, this refers to vertebrae L3, L4 and their intervertebral disc. In this study the risk of fracture in the intervertebral disc is studied when the spinal column raise a load in different positions, flexed, extended.... The properties of the intervertebral disc is analyzed when it is sane and degenerated to see how affect that to the possibility of fault. In order to analyze the results, a theoretical introduction is made with the main information of the spinal column, and more specifically on the vertebrae and the intervertebral disc. This introduction gives a special attention to the diseases that usually suffers the spinal column. All calculations and results are obtained from the program ABAQUS which use the finite elements to make his operations, so, an explanation about their performance of both is made in this study. All the process in order to carry out a resolution of this study are explained carefully with the interpretations and the conclusions of the analysis. To sum up all the possible applications which this work could have in future investigations are presented, in addition to an analysis of the cost that this work have supposed.
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Keywords
Vértebras, Disco intervertebral degenerado, Biomecánica, Propiedades mecánicas, Método de los elementos finitos