Publication: Colombia: ¿Convirtiendo la desaparición forzada y los 'falsos positivos' en política de Estado? El actual (y no tan actual) estado de la cuestión
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2015-01
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Derechos Humanos Bartolomé de las Casas; Dykinson
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Abstract
La presente investigación aborda el fenómeno de la desaparición forzada y de
los falsos positivos en el contexto colombiano. El trabajo entonces intenta tratar
el tema desde dos perspectivas que finalmente se entrelazan entre ellas. Por un
lado resulta significativo establecer los patrones de la desaparición forzada utilizando
en primer lugar las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos
Humanos, en particular en los casos en que Colombia se ve involucrada. Por
el otro, es útil reflexionar sobre si las ejecuciones sumarias y arbitrarias, es
decir los falsos positivos, representan una conducta aislada o si, al contrario,
identifican ciertos criterios de sistematicidad. Tras esto resulta indispensable
establecer si en ambos casos existen elementos para definir estos delitos de lesa
humanidad y aún más si se pueden comprobar características que dejan ponderar
una política de estado, aunque no oficial, de violencia reconducible a motivaciones
específicas, por ejemplo la lucha al conflicto armado dentro de un
posible plan de seguridad democrático.
This research approach the phenomenon of forced disappearances and false positives in Colombian context. This paper then attempts to address the issue from two perspectives that eventually intertwine with each other. By one hand it is significant to establish patterns of enforced disappearance using the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, particularly in cases where Colombia is involved. By the other hand, it is useful to consider whether summary and arbitrary executions, for example, false positives, represent an isolated behavior or, conversely, identify a kind of systematicity. After that it is essential to establish if in both cases, is it possible to define some elements to identify those as crimes against humanity and more so, if they can be the result of a state policy, although not official, but recognizable trough some specific violent actions, such as the struggle with the armed conflict within a possible democratic security plan.
This research approach the phenomenon of forced disappearances and false positives in Colombian context. This paper then attempts to address the issue from two perspectives that eventually intertwine with each other. By one hand it is significant to establish patterns of enforced disappearance using the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, particularly in cases where Colombia is involved. By the other hand, it is useful to consider whether summary and arbitrary executions, for example, false positives, represent an isolated behavior or, conversely, identify a kind of systematicity. After that it is essential to establish if in both cases, is it possible to define some elements to identify those as crimes against humanity and more so, if they can be the result of a state policy, although not official, but recognizable trough some specific violent actions, such as the struggle with the armed conflict within a possible democratic security plan.
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Desaparición forzada, Falsos positivos, Violencia de estado, Lesa humanidad, Derechos humanos, Forced disappearance, False positives, State violence, Crimes against humanity, Human rights
Bibliographic citation
Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, enero 2015, n. 32, pp. 275-299