Publication: Modernidad y género en los inicios del siglo XX (Tradición misional y legado de las educadoras estadounidenses en España)
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2015
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Abstract
La tradición misional de las mujeres estadounidenses forma parte de la historia social, política e internacional del país. Para muchos historiadores constituye un episodio crucial de la historia transnacional, sobre todo por los vínculos culturales establecidos entre las misioneras y las comunidades receptoras del activismo en el exterior de los Estados Unidos, desde los inicios de la República a comienzos del siglo XIX. La actividad llevada a cabo por miles de mujeres y hombres, misioneros pertenecientes a Iglesias protestantes diversas, se desplegó por todo el mundo incluso cuando el país aún no había consolidado su frontera y se enviaban misiones al oeste del país.
En el exterior, las misiones fomentaban redes de cooperación para la reforma de las sociedades locales en naciones de Asia, África o América del Sur principalmente. El progreso y la modernidad de los Estados Unidos tenían, a juicio de los misioneros, que compartirse con el resto de las sociedades del mundo, especialmente con aquellas más atrasadas. Las mujeres, conservadoras o progresistas, activistas en cualquier caso, acabarían tomaron la dirección de las iniciativa reformistas en el exterior. En este artículo se repasan las condiciones del activismo misional de las mujeres estadounidenses, la relación entre el Evangelismo y Educación para el progreso, España, como destino misional evangélico, y finalmente las figuras de Alice Gordon Gulick y Susan Huntington Vernon, pioneras de la educación moderna en España en los inicios del siglo XX.
The missionary tradition of US American women takes an important place in the social, political and international history. For many historians it is a crucial episode of transnational history, especially because of the cultural links established between mission and host communities activism outside the United States, since the beginning of the US Republic, in the early nineteenth century. The activity carried out by thousands of women and men, missionaries belonging to various Protestant churches worldwide deployed even when the country had not yet consolidated its border and missions were sent to the west. Abroad, the missions fostered cooperation networks for the reform of local societies in countries of Asia, Africa or South America mainly. According to the missionaries, the progress and modernity of the United States had to be shared with the rest of the world's societies, especially those most backward. Women, conservative or progressive activists in any case, would eventually take the direction of the reform initiatives abroad.
The missionary tradition of US American women takes an important place in the social, political and international history. For many historians it is a crucial episode of transnational history, especially because of the cultural links established between mission and host communities activism outside the United States, since the beginning of the US Republic, in the early nineteenth century. The activity carried out by thousands of women and men, missionaries belonging to various Protestant churches worldwide deployed even when the country had not yet consolidated its border and missions were sent to the west. Abroad, the missions fostered cooperation networks for the reform of local societies in countries of Asia, Africa or South America mainly. According to the missionaries, the progress and modernity of the United States had to be shared with the rest of the world's societies, especially those most backward. Women, conservative or progressive activists in any case, would eventually take the direction of the reform initiatives abroad.
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Historia transnacional, Evangelismo, Misiones educativas, Alice Gulick, Susan Huntington, Estados Unidos, España, Transnational History, Evangelism, Educational Missions, United States
Bibliographic citation
Borrador de capítulo en: J. Cuesta, M. J. Turrión y R. Merino. Memoria de Mujer. La residencia de señoritas y otras redes culturales femeninas. 2015