Publication: Asistente Robótico Social Interactivo para Terapias de Rehabilitación Motriz con Pacientes de Pediatría
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2015-03
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Comité Español de Automática
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Abstract
El objetivo de las terapias de rehabilitación motriz es la recuperación de zonas dañadas mediante la repetición de ciertas actividades motrices. En este esquema, la recuperación del paciente depende directamente de su adherencia al tratamiento, por lo que las terapias convencionales, con sus intensivas sesiones de rehabilitación que se prolongan en el tiempo, provocan en numerosas ocasiones su desmotivación, haciendo que no se consiga siempre que éste cumpla con los objetivos fijados. Por otra parte, la correcta ejecución de estas terapias en hospitales y otros centros médicos requieren una dedicación y esfuerzo importante y continuado por parte de los profesionales médicos, lo que supone a su vez un coste importante para las instituciones sanitarias. En este ámbito de aplicación, este artículo describe el desarrollo de una terapia de rehabilitación motriz novedosa, centrada en un robot socialmente interactivo, que se convierte en fuente de motivación pero también en un asistente para llevar a cabo terapias rehabilitadoras personalizadas. La experiencia ha sido también el germen del diseño e implementación de una arquitectura de control novedosa, RoboCog, que ha dotado al robot de las capacidades perceptivas y cognitivas que le permiten exhibir un comportamiento socialmente desarrollado y pro-activo. Las pruebas de verificación llevadas a cabo sobre los distintos elementos de la arquitectura muestran el correcto funcionamiento de éstos y de su integración con el resto de la arquitectura. Además, dicha terapia ha sido evaluada satisfactoriamente en sesiones individuales con pacientes de pediatría con parálisis braquial obstétrica (PBO), una patología producida por un daño adquirido en el momento del nacimiento y que afecta a la movilidad motriz de las extremidades superiores, pero no a sus capacidades intelectuales y comunicativas.
Motor rehabilitation therapy pursuits the recovery of damaged areas from the repetitive practice of certain motor activities. The patient's recovery directly depends on the adherence to rehabilitation therapy. Conventional methods consisting of repetitions usually make the patient feel unmotivated and neglect complying with the appropriate treatments. In addition, the treatment of these motor deficits requires intensive and extended rehabilitation sessions that demand sustained dedication and effort by professionals and incur in accretive costs for the institutions. Within this framework, this paper describes the development and evaluation of a new neurorehabilitation therapy, whose core is a socially interactive robot. This robot is able to consistently engaged patients in the therapeutic interaction, providing tireless motivation, encouragement and guidance. The experience has also been the origin of the design and implementation of a novel control architecture, RoboCog, which has provided the robot perceptual and cognitive capabilities that allow a behavior more socially developed, proactive. Verification tests carried out on the various components of the architecture show us the proper working of these and its integration with the rest of the architecture. Furthermore, this therapy has been successfully with congenital brachial palsy (PBO), a disease caused by damage acquired at birth and affects motor mobility of the upper limbs, but not their intellectual and communicative abilities.
Motor rehabilitation therapy pursuits the recovery of damaged areas from the repetitive practice of certain motor activities. The patient's recovery directly depends on the adherence to rehabilitation therapy. Conventional methods consisting of repetitions usually make the patient feel unmotivated and neglect complying with the appropriate treatments. In addition, the treatment of these motor deficits requires intensive and extended rehabilitation sessions that demand sustained dedication and effort by professionals and incur in accretive costs for the institutions. Within this framework, this paper describes the development and evaluation of a new neurorehabilitation therapy, whose core is a socially interactive robot. This robot is able to consistently engaged patients in the therapeutic interaction, providing tireless motivation, encouragement and guidance. The experience has also been the origin of the design and implementation of a novel control architecture, RoboCog, which has provided the robot perceptual and cognitive capabilities that allow a behavior more socially developed, proactive. Verification tests carried out on the various components of the architecture show us the proper working of these and its integration with the rest of the architecture. Furthermore, this therapy has been successfully with congenital brachial palsy (PBO), a disease caused by damage acquired at birth and affects motor mobility of the upper limbs, but not their intellectual and communicative abilities.
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Keywords
Rehabilitation therapies, Socially assistant robotics, Human-Robot Interaction
Bibliographic citation
Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial (2015). 12(1), 99-110.