Publication: Estimación de carga en actuadores de tipo SMA controlados en posición
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2013-06
Defense date
2013-07-12
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Abstract
Los SMAs (Shape Memory Alloys) son materiales un tanto especiales, cuya propiedad más importante es la capacidad de recordar, es decir, poseen memoria. Estos materiales son aleaciones equiatómicas de Níquel y Titanio, que se conocen con el nombre de hilo de Nitinol. Presentan una excelente alternativa a los actuadores convencionales, con una fuerza de actuación muy alta, aparte de su acción silenciosa. Gracias a su característica más destacada se pueden pensar multitud de aplicaciones, pero la realidad es que, a pesar de que son conocidos hace décadas, su uso no está muy extendido. Esto se debe a que se desconocen muchos de sus comportamientos ante diversas situaciones y a que el control que se tiene sobre ellos es muy escaso.
Este proyecto pretende aportar un poco más sobre los conocimientos de estos materiales y adentrar al lector en el mundo de los SMAs. Se explicarán algunos de sus comportamientos tan peculiares de una manera fácil y sencilla para que nos hagamos una idea de como son y de todas las aplicaciones en los que se pueden utilizar.
Se pretende hacer una investigación sobre la capacidad que pueden tener estos materiales de estimar carga, ya que poseen una muy buena relación entre el tamaño y la potencia de salida, por ejemplo, un hilo de 0.15 mm de diámetro puede ser capaz de levantar 320 gramos. Para ello, se realizarán diversas pruebas con el fin de ser estudiadas y analizadas para verificar si el SMA puede ser capaz de determinar carga. La idea no es buscar si estos materiales pueden sustituir a una báscula de laboratorio con alta resolución, simplemente evaluar su capacidad de poder medir carga.
En definitiva, se quiere ampliar los conocimientos que la gente tiene sobre estos materiales y, de algún modo, ampliar sus aplicaciones en la industria.
Shape Memory Alloys are a kind of special materials, whose most important property is the ability to remember, in other words, they have got memory. These materials are alloys with a 50 % Nickel and 50% Titanium, whose commune name is Nitinol wire. They are an excellent alternative to conventional actuators, and have got a high actuation force. Additionally, Nitinol wires are silent when activated. Thanks their most important characteristic, which is the above-mentioned ability, it is possible to imagine them in a lot of application cases. But in reality, even if they are known since several decades, their use is not so much common. The reason of this fact is given by their peculiar behavior in various situations they present, and due to the insufficient control which nowadays it is possible to obtain upon them. The aim of this project is to contribute a little more to their knowledge and to let the reader understand the SMA’s world. Some of their particular behaviors will be explained in a simple and easy manner in order to have an idea about how they are and about all the applications in which they can be used. The ambition is to carry out a research about the ability these materials can have in the load estimation field, since that they have a high relations between size and out power. For example, a wire with a diameter of 0.15 mm can be able to lift 320 grams. For this reason, various tests will take place in order to study and analyze them verifying the load determination aptitude of the SMAs. It will well explain that the scope of this project is not to obtain evidences upon an alternative use of the SMAs as a high resolution scale, but just to evaluate their possibility to measure loads. Finally, the will is to enlarge the knowledge that people could have in a future about this materials and, in some ways, to increase their industrial applications.
Shape Memory Alloys are a kind of special materials, whose most important property is the ability to remember, in other words, they have got memory. These materials are alloys with a 50 % Nickel and 50% Titanium, whose commune name is Nitinol wire. They are an excellent alternative to conventional actuators, and have got a high actuation force. Additionally, Nitinol wires are silent when activated. Thanks their most important characteristic, which is the above-mentioned ability, it is possible to imagine them in a lot of application cases. But in reality, even if they are known since several decades, their use is not so much common. The reason of this fact is given by their peculiar behavior in various situations they present, and due to the insufficient control which nowadays it is possible to obtain upon them. The aim of this project is to contribute a little more to their knowledge and to let the reader understand the SMA’s world. Some of their particular behaviors will be explained in a simple and easy manner in order to have an idea about how they are and about all the applications in which they can be used. The ambition is to carry out a research about the ability these materials can have in the load estimation field, since that they have a high relations between size and out power. For example, a wire with a diameter of 0.15 mm can be able to lift 320 grams. For this reason, various tests will take place in order to study and analyze them verifying the load determination aptitude of the SMAs. It will well explain that the scope of this project is not to obtain evidences upon an alternative use of the SMAs as a high resolution scale, but just to evaluate their possibility to measure loads. Finally, the will is to enlarge the knowledge that people could have in a future about this materials and, in some ways, to increase their industrial applications.
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Electrónica, Materiales, Nitinol, Actuadores, Aleaciones