Publication: Hitos del Derecho de la guerra en el siglo XX: Se consolida y evoluciona
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2012-01
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Derechos Humanos Bartolomé de las Casas; Dykinson
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Abstract
La guerra como parte de la realidad de las relaciones internacionales fue uno de los primeros ámbitos regulados por el Derecho Internacional. Desde finales del siglo XIX, el Derecho de los conflictos armados, también llamado Derecho internacional humanitario (DIH), ha venido limitando la capacidad de los combatientes de usar la fuerza armada. A su vez, el ámbito de protección personal de las víctimas se ha ampliado. Todo esto ha contribuido a amortiguar los efectos de los conflictos armados. El artículo distingue tres fases en la evolución del DIH durante el siglo XX: el
periodo embrionario, el periodo de consolidación y el periodo de expansión. Cada
una de ellas representa un hito decisivo y refleja el proceso de maduración en el que está inmerso el históricamente llamado Derecho de la guerra. Sin embargo, diversos factores, como la creciente participación de la población civil en los conflictos armados, la violencia estructural en los llamados Estados fallidos y la privatización de la fuerza armada han contribuido a poner en duda la concepción tradicional de este ámbito del Derecho internacional (fundamentalmente convencional) y a plantear nuevas vías de regulación y de control, aún no exploradas en su conjunto.
War, as a reality of international relations, was one of the first areas regulated by International Law. Since the last decades of the XIXth century, the Law of armed conflicts, also called International Humanitarian Law, has limited thecapacity of combatants to use armed force. At the same time, the field of personal protection has increased. This has contributed to lessen the effects of armed conflicts. The article distinguishes three periods in the evolution of IHL during the XXth century: the early stages, the period of consolidation, and the spreading period. Each of them represents a decisive milestone and reflects the maturation process in which Law of War is immersed. Nevertheless, several factors, such as the increasing participation of civilian population in armed conflicts, the structural violence in failed States, and the privatization of armed force have contributed to question the traditional model (basically conventional) and to put forward new methods of regulation and control, not yet explored.
War, as a reality of international relations, was one of the first areas regulated by International Law. Since the last decades of the XIXth century, the Law of armed conflicts, also called International Humanitarian Law, has limited thecapacity of combatants to use armed force. At the same time, the field of personal protection has increased. This has contributed to lessen the effects of armed conflicts. The article distinguishes three periods in the evolution of IHL during the XXth century: the early stages, the period of consolidation, and the spreading period. Each of them represents a decisive milestone and reflects the maturation process in which Law of War is immersed. Nevertheless, several factors, such as the increasing participation of civilian population in armed conflicts, the structural violence in failed States, and the privatization of armed force have contributed to question the traditional model (basically conventional) and to put forward new methods of regulation and control, not yet explored.
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Derecho internacional humanitario, Conflictos armados, Población civil, Tribunales Internacional ad hoc, Crimen de guerra, International Humanitarian Law, Armed conflict, Civilian population, Ad hoc Tribunals, War crimes
Bibliographic citation
Derechos y Libertades: revista de filosofía del derecho y derechos humanos, enero 2012, n. 26, pp. 45-82