Publication: Síntesis y caracterización de materiales híbridos basados en nanotubos de carbono
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2013-07
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2013-07-23
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Abstract
Los nanotubos de carbono están despertando un gran interés investigativo en los últimos años debido a sus excepcionales propiedades electrónicas, mecánicas, térmicas, químicas y por sus potenciales aplicaciones en nanociencia y nanotecnología. Por otro lado, el óxido de zinc también genera un gran interés tanto científico como tecnológico debido a sus extraordinarias propiedades ópticas y eléctricas. Se trata de un material semiconductor con demostradas propiedades fotocatalíticas, que le convierten en un material muy atractivo para procesos de tratamiento de contaminantes. Por ello, numerosas labores investigativas se están centrado en los últimos años en el desarrollo de un nuevo tipo de material: híbrido de nanotubos de carbono con un material inorgánico. Las propiedades del ya mencionado óxido de zinc lo convierten en una opción muy interesante. En el presente proyecto se ha sintetizado y caracterizado un material híbrido de nanotubos de carbono y óxido de zinc por el método hidrotérmico. Para ello, en primer lugar se llevó a cabo la síntesis y la caracterización de nanotubos de carbono por el método de spray pirolisis utilizando tolueno como precursor y ferroceno como catalizador. A continuación se procedió al tratamiento de los nanotubos de carbono con ácido nítrico. Finalmente se sometió la muestra al método hidrotérmico durante periodos de 3, 6 y 12 h. Con objeto de perfeccionar el método de crecimiento de nanotubos de carbono, se llevaron a cabo numerosos experimentos sobre sustratos de diferente naturaleza. En algunos de ellos es preciso la utilización de una disolución precursora de tetraetil ortosilicato (TEOS). Todos ellos fueron caracterizados mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM). Además se llevó a cabo un análisis fotocatalítico de determinadas muestras. Para la síntesis por método hidrotérmico se llevaron a cabo experimentos con diferentes molaridades de la disolución precursora y permanencia en el horno a 180°C, permitiendo así comprobar en qué condiciones la síntesis y eficacia fotocatalítica del híbrido de óxido zinc y nanotubos de carbono es más eficiente. Todas las muestras fueron también caracterizadas por rayos Xy microscopía electrónica de barrido.
La síntesis de un material híbrido que combine las excelentes propiedades de los nanotubos de carbono y del óxido de zinc abre un gran campo de posibilidades en la nanotecnología. ________________________________
Carbon nanotubes lately became a high interest research field due to its exceptional electronics, mechanics, thermic and chemicals properties and to its potential applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. On the other hand, zinc oxide is also an interesting scientific and technologic field due to its outstanding optics and electrics properties. It is a semiconductor material with proven photocatalytic properties, which make it a really attractive material for pollutant treatments processes. For these reasons, many researches are lately focusing in the development of a new type of material: carbon nanotubes and inorganic material hybrid. The properties of the zinc oxide make them a really interesting option for this goal. In this project, a hybrid material of carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide has been synthetized and characterized by the hydrothermal method. In first term, the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes by the pyrolysis spray method was held, using toluene as precursor and ferrocene as catalyst. Then we proceeded with a superficial treatment of the carbon nanotubes. Finally the samples were subjected to the hydrothermal method for 3, 6 and 12 h periods. In order to refine the synthesis and growing method of carbon nanotubes, several experiments were made on substrates of different kind. In some of them the usage of a precursor solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was needed. All of them were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A photocatalytic analysis was also done in certain samples. For the synthesis of hydrothermal method we made several experiments with different precursor solution molarity and time in the oven at 180°C; like this we could check in which conditions the synthesis and photocatalytic effectiveness of zinc oxide particles and carbon nanotubes was more efficient. All the samples were also characterized by X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The synthesis of a hybrid material that combines the excellent properties of carbon nanotubes and zinc oxides opens a huge field of possibilities in nanotechnology.
Carbon nanotubes lately became a high interest research field due to its exceptional electronics, mechanics, thermic and chemicals properties and to its potential applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. On the other hand, zinc oxide is also an interesting scientific and technologic field due to its outstanding optics and electrics properties. It is a semiconductor material with proven photocatalytic properties, which make it a really attractive material for pollutant treatments processes. For these reasons, many researches are lately focusing in the development of a new type of material: carbon nanotubes and inorganic material hybrid. The properties of the zinc oxide make them a really interesting option for this goal. In this project, a hybrid material of carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide has been synthetized and characterized by the hydrothermal method. In first term, the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes by the pyrolysis spray method was held, using toluene as precursor and ferrocene as catalyst. Then we proceeded with a superficial treatment of the carbon nanotubes. Finally the samples were subjected to the hydrothermal method for 3, 6 and 12 h periods. In order to refine the synthesis and growing method of carbon nanotubes, several experiments were made on substrates of different kind. In some of them the usage of a precursor solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was needed. All of them were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A photocatalytic analysis was also done in certain samples. For the synthesis of hydrothermal method we made several experiments with different precursor solution molarity and time in the oven at 180°C; like this we could check in which conditions the synthesis and photocatalytic effectiveness of zinc oxide particles and carbon nanotubes was more efficient. All the samples were also characterized by X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The synthesis of a hybrid material that combines the excellent properties of carbon nanotubes and zinc oxides opens a huge field of possibilities in nanotechnology.
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Materiales compuestos, Nanotubos de carbono, Síntesis de materiales, Ensayo de materiales