Publication: Análisis con pro-engineer de las variaciones modales de un eje ferroviario ante fallo
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2012-11
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2012-11-08
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Abstract
El presente proyecto ‘Análisis con Pro/Engineer de las variaciones modales de un eje ferroviario ante fallo’, tiene como objetivo principal el modelado y análisis modal de un eje ferroviario mediante el software Pro/ENGINEER. El propósito del estudio será establecer una línea de tendencia entre las vibraciones propias de un eje y el área del avance de las grietas características de las roturas por fatiga. En primer lugar presentaremos una introducción a los tipos de ejes existentes en la industria. Continuaremos con una detallada síntesis de la teoría de vibraciones mecánicas y del estudio del fenómeno de fatiga. Explicamos también de forma breve el uso de software empleado para la realización de los estudios. Se trata de Pro/ENGINEER, programa de diseño asistido por ordenador y elementos finitos con una gran capacidad de modelado de elementos mecánicos que permite la resolución de un gran número de ecuaciones en periodos de tiempo relativamente cortos. Introducido el contexto teórico de trabajo, comenzamos a explicar el método de estudio seguido. Se realiza el análisis modal de un eje ferroviario, estableciendo previamente sobre él una serie de grietas radiales que simulan el avance de las grietas previo al fallo por fatiga. Hemos calculado el área del avance de estas grietas ayudándonos de un archivo Excel personalizado. Con todos los datos calculados, realizamos en los capítulos finales un extenso análisis ayudándonos de tablas y gráficas representativas. Para finalizar, se resumen y estudian los resultados obtenidos, planteándose posibles mejoras y trabajos futuros. Este proyecto es la continuación de una serie de estudios que ha llevado a cabo el departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid con el fin de avanzar en el análisis de la defectología de ejes ferroviarios. Además se prevé realizar desarrollos similares con herramientas más contrastadas por la universidad, así como efectuar análisis de forma experimental con un eje a escala. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As its main goal, the current project ‘Análisis con Pro/Engineer de las variaciones modales de un eje ferroviario ante fallo’, focuses on the modeling and modal analysis of a railway axle using the software Pro/ENGINEER. The purpose of the study is to establish a trend line between the axle’s vibrations and the fatigue-crack progression area. During the first part of the project we present an introduction to the different existing models on the axle’s industry and a detailed synthesis of the mechanical vibration theory and the fatigue phenomenon studies. A brief explanation is included on Pro/ENGINEER, the computer aided design software used for our study, which is capable of modeling mechanical components and resolving hard finite element equations in short periods of time. After introducing this working context, we begin explaining the method we follow for the study. We conduct modal analysis of a railway axle, modeled to include a set of radial cracks that simulate the fissure progression observed before the fatigue failure. The area of progression of these cracks has been calculated using a customized Excel spreadsheet. In the last section, we undertake a large analysis supported with tables and representative charts. To conclude, the results are summarized and a list of possible improvements and future work is included. This project is the continuation of a line of research initiated by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University Carlos III of Madrid in order to progress in the analysis of the defectology on railway axles. Similar analyses are planned with other tested tools in the university, together with an experimental study with a scaled axle.
As its main goal, the current project ‘Análisis con Pro/Engineer de las variaciones modales de un eje ferroviario ante fallo’, focuses on the modeling and modal analysis of a railway axle using the software Pro/ENGINEER. The purpose of the study is to establish a trend line between the axle’s vibrations and the fatigue-crack progression area. During the first part of the project we present an introduction to the different existing models on the axle’s industry and a detailed synthesis of the mechanical vibration theory and the fatigue phenomenon studies. A brief explanation is included on Pro/ENGINEER, the computer aided design software used for our study, which is capable of modeling mechanical components and resolving hard finite element equations in short periods of time. After introducing this working context, we begin explaining the method we follow for the study. We conduct modal analysis of a railway axle, modeled to include a set of radial cracks that simulate the fissure progression observed before the fatigue failure. The area of progression of these cracks has been calculated using a customized Excel spreadsheet. In the last section, we undertake a large analysis supported with tables and representative charts. To conclude, the results are summarized and a list of possible improvements and future work is included. This project is the continuation of a line of research initiated by the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University Carlos III of Madrid in order to progress in the analysis of the defectology on railway axles. Similar analyses are planned with other tested tools in the university, together with an experimental study with a scaled axle.
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Keywords
Tecnología ferroviaria, Ejes ferroviarios, Pro/Engineer, Análisis modal, Mecánica de sólidos