Publication: Análisis de ejes ferroviarios mediante el método de los elementos finitos y técnicas analíticas
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2012-07
Defense date
2012-07-18
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Abstract
Junio de 2009. Un terrible accidente ferroviario sacude a la ciudad italiana de Viareggio debido al descarrilamiento de un ferrocarril cargado de GLP (Gas Licuado del Petróleo) que explota dejando 32 muertos. Dicho descarrilamiento se produce debido a la rotura por fatiga de un eje de uno de los vagones. ¿Cuál fue la causa de este accidente?, ¿fue verdaderamente algo imprevisible o consecuencia de algún tipo de negligencia?, ¿qué se puede hacer para evitar este tipo de sucesos?, ¿son diseñados los vehículos ferroviarios con suficiente seguridad?,… En el presente proyecto se llevará a cabo un breve recorrido por la historia del ferrocarril y se analizarán los diferentes conceptos ferroviarios básicos: superestructura, infraestructura, enclaves ferroviarios, material rodante ferroviario (analizando sus componentes y los principios de funcionamiento de los más importantes). Asimismo, se profundizará en el concepto de eje ferroviario y sus implicaciones. También se llevarán a cabo diferentes estudios sobre un eje ferroviario determinado (análisis de tensiones y deformaciones, análisis a fatiga y análisis del eje fisurado) mediante técnicas analíticas y el método de los elementos finitos (MEF) para, finalmente, realizar el estudio adimensional del mismo con objeto de establecer cómo interpretar los resultados obtenidos en un banco de ensayos. Todo ello con el objeto de intentar dar respuesta a las cuestiones anteriores. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was June 2009. A terrible rail accident shakes the Italian city of Viareggio due to the derailment of a train loaded with LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) that explodes and causes 32 deaths. The above derailment is caused by a crack in the axle of one wagon due to fatigue. What was the cause of this accident? Was it unforeseeable or a consequence of any sort of negligence? What can be done to avoid these kinds of events? Are rail vehicles designed safely enough? ... In the present project, we will briefly run through the history of the railway and different rail concepts will be analyzed: superstructure, infrastructure, rail buildings, rail rolling material (considering its components and the most important working principles). In addition, the rail axle concept and its implications will be studied in depth. Furthermore, different studies about a certain rail axle will be developed (analysis of tensions and distortions, fatigue and cracked axle analysis) through analytical techniques and the finite element method (FEM). Finally the dimensionless analysis of the axle will be expounded with the aim of establishing the methodology to interpret the results obtained in a test bench. Therefore, the purpose of this project is trying to provide answers to the previous questions.
It was June 2009. A terrible rail accident shakes the Italian city of Viareggio due to the derailment of a train loaded with LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) that explodes and causes 32 deaths. The above derailment is caused by a crack in the axle of one wagon due to fatigue. What was the cause of this accident? Was it unforeseeable or a consequence of any sort of negligence? What can be done to avoid these kinds of events? Are rail vehicles designed safely enough? ... In the present project, we will briefly run through the history of the railway and different rail concepts will be analyzed: superstructure, infrastructure, rail buildings, rail rolling material (considering its components and the most important working principles). In addition, the rail axle concept and its implications will be studied in depth. Furthermore, different studies about a certain rail axle will be developed (analysis of tensions and distortions, fatigue and cracked axle analysis) through analytical techniques and the finite element method (FEM). Finally the dimensionless analysis of the axle will be expounded with the aim of establishing the methodology to interpret the results obtained in a test bench. Therefore, the purpose of this project is trying to provide answers to the previous questions.
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Tecnología ferroviaria, Ejes ferroviarios, Método de los elementos finitos, Mecánica de sólidos