Soliton ratchets out of point-like inhomogeneities

Abstract

We introduce and study a novel design for a ratchet potential for soliton excitations. The potential is implemented by means of an array of point-like (delta) inhomogeneities in an otherwise homogeneous potential. We use collective coordinates which predict that the effective potential acting on the soliton is periodic but asymmetric and gives rise to the ratchet effect. Numerical simulations fully confirm this prediction; quantitative agreement is reached by an improved version of the theory. Although we specifically show that it is most interesting for building Josephson junction ratchets capable to rectify time-symmetric ac forces, the proposed mechanism is very general and can appear in many contexts, including biological systems.