Publication: El derecho a defender la patria: mujeres soldado estadounidenses en la Guerra de Secesión
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2012
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Abstract
En la actualidad es bien conocido el impulso que la Guerra de Secesión dio a los movimientos de mujeres y al activismo en los Estados Unidos. Tanto el Ejército Confederado como el de la Unión prohibieron su alistamiento, pero no pocas chicas se disfrazaban de chicos y se camuflaban en la tropa. La fama de estas jóvenes vestidas de guerreros se difundió, aunque enseguida cayó en el olvido. Los antecedentes de este episodio se hallan en la marcha del país durante las décadas de 1820 a 1860 hacia una sociedad abierta e igualitaria; en el proceso de participación de las mujeres en el desarrollo cívico, su impulso al abolicionismo y la participación en la organización de la producción del país. La singularidad de este caso rompe los tabúes a propósito de las mujeres y su pasividad en los procesos nacionales del siglo XIX. Para el conocimiento de esta particular historia ha sido fundamental el intenso trabajo de rehabilitación de la memoria hecha por los historiadores, mediante la recuperación de archivos –algunos periodísticos- y su difusión.
There is well known the impulse that the Civil War gave to the women's movements and activism in the United States. The Confederate Army and the Union one prohibited their enrollment, but there were not few girls that disguised themselves as boys and got camouflaged in the troop. The reputation of these young women dressed in warriors spread, though immediately they were forgotten. The precedents of this episode are situated in the history of the country during the decades from 1820 to 1860, towards an open and equal society; the participation of women in the civic development, their impulse to the abolitionist movement and to the organization of the production of the country. The singularity of this case breaks the false idea about the women and their passiveness in the national processes of the 19th century. For the knowledge of this particular history there has been fundamental the intense work of rehabilitation of the memory than historians have made, by means of files recovery –some of them journalistic ones- and its diffusion.
There is well known the impulse that the Civil War gave to the women's movements and activism in the United States. The Confederate Army and the Union one prohibited their enrollment, but there were not few girls that disguised themselves as boys and got camouflaged in the troop. The reputation of these young women dressed in warriors spread, though immediately they were forgotten. The precedents of this episode are situated in the history of the country during the decades from 1820 to 1860, towards an open and equal society; the participation of women in the civic development, their impulse to the abolitionist movement and to the organization of the production of the country. The singularity of this case breaks the false idea about the women and their passiveness in the national processes of the 19th century. For the knowledge of this particular history there has been fundamental the intense work of rehabilitation of the memory than historians have made, by means of files recovery –some of them journalistic ones- and its diffusion.
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Keywords
Historia de los Estados Unidos, Siglo XIX, 1820-1864, Mujeres, Soldados, Activismo, Derechos, Democracia, Movimiento Antiesclavista, Guerra de Secesión, Educación, Producción y Crecimiento, History of the United States, 19th century, Women, Soldiers, Activism, Laws, Democracy, Antislavery Movement, Civil War, Education, Production and Economic Growth
Bibliographic citation
Huguet, M. El derecho a defender la patria: mujeres soldado estadounidenses en la Guerra de Secesión. [Ponencia presentada en]: Congreso de la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea, Granada, 15-16 septiembre, 2012. Taller 4: Tradiciones políticas en revisión: Estados Unidos desde los movimientos por los derechos civiles hasta el “Tea Party”. Coordinadoras: Aurora Bosch (Universidad de Valencia) y Carmen de la Guardia (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)