Publication: Simulación en modélica de elementos mecánicos de una suspensión
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2011-11
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2011-11-18
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Abstract
El objetivo principal del presente Proyecto es modelar y simular el comportamiento de elementos que forman parte de una suspensión como son ballestas elásticas y cilindros neumáticos. En primer lugar, se simulan elementos básicos para importarlos a la librería de Modelica y, a través de esos modelos simples, crear otros más complejos. El primer modelo simple es el cilindro neumático. Se trata de un cilindro con volumen y presión inicial; con un área determinada al que se le aplica una fuerza para comprimir el volumen y así aumentar su constante de rigidez. Se estudian tanto los parámetros inherentes al cilindro como el desplazamiento del pistón a cada momento. El segundo modelo es la ballesta elástica. Se trata de un tipo de resorte hecho a partir de láminas metálicas. Se consigue desplazarla al aplicar una fuerza en su extremo libre y dicho desplazamiento es proporcional tanto a la fuerza como a la geometría y número de las láminas, así como también es proporcional según el material. Se estudia, por lo tanto, el desplazamiento y la constante de rigidez respecto de unas fuerzas determinadas. Una vez estén programados estos dos elementos elásticos, se crea un modelo de bogie de tren. En la suspensión secundaria se colocan un muelle, un cilindro o una ballesta y se simula su comportamiento con todas las suspensiones, determinando la mejor opción. Este estudio no sólo se realiza en el programa Modelica, también se realiza en una aplicación de Matlab, llamada Simulink, encontrando las diferencias cometidas por Modelica y Simulink a la hora de calcular e iterar. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The main goal of this Project is to model and simulate the behavior of elements as a part of a suspension, like elastic leaf springs and pneumatic cylinders. First, basic elements are simulated so they can be imported to the Modelica library, and trough that basic models, other complex ones can be created. The first basic model is a pneumatic cylinder. It’s a cylinder with an initial volume and pressure, with a specific area pushed by a force due to compress it volume so it’s stiffness constant gets increased. Besides the inherent parameters it’s also studied the cylinder’s displacement every moment. The second model is an elastic leaf spring. It’s a type of spring made of metal sheets. It can get displaced pushing in it free part body with a force and that displacement is proportional to this force, the geometry and number of sheets, and also to the metal which is made of. It’s studied the displacement and it stiffness constant after apply some specific forces. When these elastic elements are programmed, one model of a train’s boogie is programmed too. In the secondary suspension is disposed a spring, a pneumatic cylinder or a leaf spring and their behavior are simulated due to choose the better option. Not only is this project produced in Modelica program, it is also produced in a Matlab’s program, called Simulink, finding the different results made by Modelica and Simulink when it calculates and iterates.
The main goal of this Project is to model and simulate the behavior of elements as a part of a suspension, like elastic leaf springs and pneumatic cylinders. First, basic elements are simulated so they can be imported to the Modelica library, and trough that basic models, other complex ones can be created. The first basic model is a pneumatic cylinder. It’s a cylinder with an initial volume and pressure, with a specific area pushed by a force due to compress it volume so it’s stiffness constant gets increased. Besides the inherent parameters it’s also studied the cylinder’s displacement every moment. The second model is an elastic leaf spring. It’s a type of spring made of metal sheets. It can get displaced pushing in it free part body with a force and that displacement is proportional to this force, the geometry and number of sheets, and also to the metal which is made of. It’s studied the displacement and it stiffness constant after apply some specific forces. When these elastic elements are programmed, one model of a train’s boogie is programmed too. In the secondary suspension is disposed a spring, a pneumatic cylinder or a leaf spring and their behavior are simulated due to choose the better option. Not only is this project produced in Modelica program, it is also produced in a Matlab’s program, called Simulink, finding the different results made by Modelica and Simulink when it calculates and iterates.
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Tecnología automovilística, Sistemas de suspensión mecánica, Modelica (lenguaje de programación)