Publication: La persecucion restringida de los delitos que lesionan valores esenciales de la Comunidad internacional: ¿sigue existiendo la jurisdicción universal en España?
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2012-01
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de derechos humanos Bartolomé de las Casas
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Abstract
El principio de jurisdicción universal se aplica a una serie de delitos muy graves que, dada su entidad, atentan contra la Comunidad internacional en su conjunto. Este principio está arraigado en el Derecho internacional y, asimismo, estaba igualmente afirmado en los ordenamientos internos para una serie de violaciones graves. Sin embargo, ha comenzado su retroceso en los Derechos internos. En esta línea, cabe situar la reciente reforma llevada a cabo en España en 2009. A partir de ella, se exige que los presuntos responsables se encuentren en España o que existan víctimas de nacionalidad española, o que se constate algún vínculo de conexión relevante con España y en todo caso, que en otro país competente o en un Tribunal internacional no se haya iniciado un procedimiento que suponga una investigación y una persecución efectiva de los hechos punibles. En consecuencia, esta reforma ha desnaturalizado y vaciado de contenido al principio en gran medida. Ello es de lamentar, entre otras razones, porque supone un retroceso en la lucha contra la impunidad y porque puede afectar a su vez a la regulación del principio en el Derecho internacional.
The principle of universal jurisdiction is applied only to a few very serious crimes that, given their entity, damage the international community as a whole. Universal jurisdiction is rooted in International law and, also, it was equally established in domestic legal orders. However, the universality principle is moving backwards at an internal level. In this sense, the legal revision carried out in Spain in 2009 can be considerate as a backward move. Since then, it is necessary that the alleged offender is in Spain or that the victims are Spanish, or have some outstanding link with Spain, and in any event that in another country or in an international Tribunal a criminal procedure has not begun. Therefore, this Spanish legal revision has denaturalized and dismantled the principle in great measure. It is regrettable, among other reasons, because it supposes a setback in the fight against impunity and can erode international regulation.
The principle of universal jurisdiction is applied only to a few very serious crimes that, given their entity, damage the international community as a whole. Universal jurisdiction is rooted in International law and, also, it was equally established in domestic legal orders. However, the universality principle is moving backwards at an internal level. In this sense, the legal revision carried out in Spain in 2009 can be considerate as a backward move. Since then, it is necessary that the alleged offender is in Spain or that the victims are Spanish, or have some outstanding link with Spain, and in any event that in another country or in an international Tribunal a criminal procedure has not begun. Therefore, this Spanish legal revision has denaturalized and dismantled the principle in great measure. It is regrettable, among other reasons, because it supposes a setback in the fight against impunity and can erode international regulation.
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Jurisdicción universal, Derecho internacional, Violaciones graves, Principio de personalidad pasiva, Principio de protección, Impunidad, Universal jurisdiction, International law, Grave breaches, Passive personality principle, Protective principle, Impunity
Bibliographic citation
Universitas: Revista de Filosofia, Derecho y Politica, n. 15, enero 2012, p. 65-90