http://hdl.handle.net/10016/1101 Sat, 25 May 2013 02:05:16 GMT 2013-05-25T02:05:16Z http://hdl.handle.net/10016/15928 Title: Eugenismo a la moda. Personas y estados contra la "degeneración" en el primer tercio del siglo XX Author(s): Huguet, Montserrat Abstract: Desde finales del siglo XX los grupos de opinión y los gobiernos en Europa y Estados Unidos desplegaron políticas sociales correctoras ante lo que entendían eran tendencias perniciosas en la evolución de la condición humana. Por un lado, las comunidades de obreros crecían de forma descontrolada y con ellas –se alegabaflorecían toda suerte de vicios. Por otro, la ciencia buscaba recursos higiénicos para controlar la natalidad y frenar la sangría de nacimientos lesivos para la salud de las mujeres. El movimiento más conocido por lo que a la intervención en el desarrollo natural de los grupos humanos se refiere fue el conocido como Eugenista, también higienista. En 1904 Francis Galton leía en la London School of Economics, ante la recién creada Sociological Society, una ponencia titulada Eugenics; its Definition, Scope and Aims. En el texto, para cuya elaboración había aplicado los principios de la selección natural de Charles Darwin, Galton desplegaba conjeturas acerca del genio intelectual y la herencia de las facultades humanas. La literatura recogería el impacto social de estas polémicas científico sociales. Así por ejemplo, en 1925 se publicaba la brillante novela de Sinclair Lewis, Doctor Arrowsmith, compendio del pensamiento higiénico social de su tiempo.; Since the late twentieth century focus groups and governments in Europe and the United States deployed corrective social policies to which it was understood as pernicious trends in the modern trends of human condition. On the one hand, workers communities grew out of control and with them‐it was alleged‐all sorts of vices bloomed. Furthermore, science sought hygienic resources for birth control and stopping the bleeding of births injurious to the health of women. The movement known, as far as intervention in the natural development of human groups refers, was known as Eugenics, also hygienist. In 1904 Francis Galton read at the London School of Economics, before the newly created Sociological Society, a paper entitled Eugenics, its Definition, Scope and Aims. In the text, for whose development Galton had applied the principles of natural selection of Charles Darwin, he unfolded conjectures about the intellectual genius and legacy of human faculties. The literature would reflect the social impact of these controversies. For example, in 1925 it was published the brilliant novel by Nobel Sinclair Lewis, Dr. Arrowsmith, a social hygiene compendium of thought of his time. Thu, 15 Nov 2012 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10016/15928 2012-11-15T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10016/15799 Title: Study as a therapy? Home teaching in Madrid Author(s): López Serrano, Alfredo Abstract: This paper includes reflections from 12 years experience teaching young patients at their homes. Although initial teacher training and motivation is important to take on a job of this type, the development of the hospital and home teaching has been possible thanks to national and international teachers' meetings for preventing errors that voluntarism may not be able to avoid, being some of these errors certain paternalism toward students or the overlapping of functions between the teacher and therapist, making of cooperation our core professional performance. Our educational practice should be determined by the sick student context. Development of empathy and working with emotions are essential, without ignoring the usual contents of study of the syllabus. Addressing these contents, as if it were a occupational therapy, helps to normalize the ill student's life and family atmosphere, at the same time that contributes to the sense of integration into the group and society. The potential therapeutic effect of knowledge requires a particular methodology, adapted to the situation of each student. These activities, which can be developed in these students' homes, in our opinion, must be extended to regular classes even if they are overcrowded, in our schools. Sun, 30 Sep 2012 22:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10016/15799 2012-09-30T22:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10016/14607 Title: El derecho a defender la patria: mujeres soldado estadounidenses en la Guerra de Secesión Author(s): Huguet, Montserrat Abstract: En la actualidad es bien conocido el impulso que la Guerra de Secesión dio a los movimientos de mujeres y al activismo en los Estados Unidos. Tanto el Ejército Confederado como el de la Unión prohibieron su alistamiento, pero no pocas chicas se disfrazaban de chicos y se camuflaban en la tropa. La fama de estas jóvenes vestidas de guerreros se difundió, aunque enseguida cayó en el olvido. Los antecedentes de este episodio se hallan en la marcha del país durante las décadas de 1820 a 1860 hacia una sociedad abierta e igualitaria; en el proceso de participación de las mujeres en el desarrollo cívico, su impulso al abolicionismo y la participación en la organización de la producción del país. La singularidad de este caso rompe los tabúes a propósito de las mujeres y su pasividad en los procesos nacionales del siglo XIX. Para el conocimiento de esta particular historia ha sido fundamental el intenso trabajo de rehabilitación de la memoria hecha por los historiadores, mediante la recuperación de archivos –algunos periodísticos- y su difusión.; There is well known the impulse that the Civil War gave to the women's movements and activism in the United States. The Confederate Army and the Union one prohibited their enrollment, but there were not few girls that disguised themselves as boys and got camouflaged in the troop. The reputation of these young women dressed in warriors spread, though immediately they were forgotten. The precedents of this episode are situated in the history of the country during the decades from 1820 to 1860, towards an open and equal society; the participation of women in the civic development, their impulse to the abolitionist movement and to the organization of the production of the country. The singularity of this case breaks the false idea about the women and their passiveness in the national processes of the 19th century. For the knowledge of this particular history there has been fundamental the intense work of rehabilitation of the memory than historians have made, by means of files recovery –some of them journalistic ones- and its diffusion. Sat, 31 Dec 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10016/14607 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10016/14325 Title: Mujeres y paz en la historia reciente Author(s): Huguet, Montserrat Abstract: Contenidos de la conferencia: Las mujeres también quieren ir a la guerra. Los prejuicios y los mitos. Las patriotas. Las revolucionarias. La Gran Guerra. Testimonios de muerte y horror. Los pacifismos: activismo e idealismo. Pacifismo y maternidad. Los orígenes asistenciales del pacifismo. Guerras y objeción de conciencia Algunas pioneras estadounidenses y europeas. Asociaciones y movimientos desde los años 20 hasta el presente; Contents of the conference: The women also want to go to the war. The prejudices and the myths. The patriot ladies. The revolutionary ones. The First World War. Testimonies of death and horror. The pacifisms: activism and idealism. Pacifism and maternity. The welfare origins of the pacifism. Wars and objection of conscience. Some American and European pioneers. Associations and movements from the ´20 up to the present Sat, 31 Dec 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10016/14325 2011-12-31T23:00:00Z